Stage 8 Term 2 Study Notes

Flashcards covering key English vocabulary and concepts from the study notes.

Colon

A punctuation mark (:) used to introduce a list, explanation, or dialogue.

Brackets

Punctuation marks ( ) used to add additional information inside a sentence.

Hyphen

A punctuation mark (-) that joins words or splits between lines.

Dash

A long line (—) used to add extra information, create a pause, or show a sudden change in thought.

Ellipsis

A series of three dots (…) indicating that something has been left out or there is a pause.

Italics

Slanted text used to indicate importance, titles, or special words.

Theme

The main idea or underlying message of a literary work.

Setting

The time and place in which a literary work occurs.

Characters

The people or actors in a story.

Point of View

The perspective from which a story is narrated.

Characterization

The method an author uses to reveal a character's personality.

Symbolism

A literary device where a symbol represents a broader idea.

Plot

The sequence of events that make up a story, including exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution.

Direct Speech

Quoting the exact words spoken by a speaker.

Indirect Speech

Reporting what someone has said without using their exact words.

Declarative Sentence

A sentence that makes a statement and ends with a full stop.

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark.

Imperative Sentence

A sentence that gives a command or makes a request.

Exclamatory Sentence

A sentence that expresses strong emotions and ends with an exclamation mark.

Subject

The person or thing that performs the action of the verb in a sentence.

Predicate

The part of a sentence containing the verb and stating something about the subject.

Object

The person or thing that receives the action of the verb.

Comparative Adjectives

Adjectives used to compare two things, typically ending in -er.

Superlative Adjectives

Adjectives used to compare three or more things, typically ending in -est.

Personal Pronouns

Pronouns that refer to specific people or things (e.g., I, you, he, she).

Possessive Pronouns

Pronouns that show ownership (e.g., my, yours, his, hers).

Reflexive Pronouns

Pronouns that reflect the action back to the subject (e.g., myself, herself).

Emotive Language

Wording that evokes an emotional response from the reader or listener.

Subjectivity

A biased opinion based on personal feelings.

Objectivity

An unbiased statement that considers all factors and is not influenced by personal opinions.

Concord

Agreement between the subject and verb in a sentence.

Collective Nouns

Nouns that refer to a group of individuals and take singular verb forms.

Phrase

A group of words that does not have a finite verb.

Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and a finite verb.

Simple Sentence

A sentence containing one independent clause.

Compound Sentence

A sentence with two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Complex Sentence

A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

Compound-Complex Sentence

A sentence containing two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.

Homonyms

Words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Homophones

Words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings.

Homographs

Words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.

Public Speaking

The process of speaking to a group of people in a structured manner.

Impromptu Speech

A speech delivered with little or no preparation.

Advertisement

A public notice promoting a product, event, or service, often persuasive.

Literary Response Essay

An essay that shares interpretation and insights about a text.

Mood

The feeling or atmosphere created in a reader by a piece of writing.

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject or audience.

Register

The appropriateness of language for a specific audience, setting, or purpose.

Diction

The writer’s choice of words, affecting tone and clarity.

Analyse Visual Texts

To critically examine elements of visual media, including subject, action, and context.

News Report

A formal account of a news event including key details like who, what, when, and where.