HL History Final vocab 2025

Tribute

- Goods or money paid by conquered peoples to their conquerors.

- Extremely significant because it was the early peoples' way of currency and giving back what they owed/trading something other than solely goods.

Inuit

- Mostly hunters and fishermen who moved into North America from Asia.

- Proved that tribes had to adapt and shift according to their environment/climate. They had to learn very specific skills to survive in such a cold and harsh environment.

Tenochtitlan

- Teotihuacan was the first major city in Mesoamerica, This city was the capital of an early kingdom that arose around 250 b.c. and collapsed around a.d. 800. It was located about 30 miles northeast of Mexico city in a fertile valley. The society occupied an area of 8 square miles.

-This city was very significant because it was known as the "Place of Gods" which made it extremely religious and a monument/significant landmark, to not only the Teotihuacan society but also every other society who practiced their religion.

Pueblo

- Multistoried structures built of stone and adobe(sun-dried brick) that housed many people.

-Their significance was that they house many many people, up to 1,000 people have been recorded to live in a pueblo, they housed religious ceremonies and much more that is essential to all tribes/peoples traditions.

Maize

- Word used for corn. Moche, one of the civilizations of South America, grew corn/Maize amongst a bunch of other things.

-Maize was significant because it was one of the main things that the people of South America grew and lived off of, due to their environment and what it allowed them to grow.

Iroquois

- a North American indian tribe located Northeast of the Mississipian culture. They hunted and participated in agriculture, they lived in longhouses, and frequently engaged in warfare.

- They were significant because they were a strong bonded, strongly structured community filled with multiple different families, grew crops and were known for their 'three sisters' (corn, beans, and squash), however wars were common within the groups. They were nearly torn apart however, Many scholars believe that people from Asia used this land bridge to cross the deganawida, an elder, settled all conflicts and created the great peace, which created an alliance of five groups called the _____.They were a model to early peoples of a confederation.

Aztec

-Built upon the fall of the Toltec Empire. The Aztecs carried on many of their traditions. They were located in the valley of mexico, they arose sometime during the 12th century A.D.

-Significant because their empire was so large that they established a capital located at Tenochtitlan, now known as modern day Mexico City. Additionally, they ruled all up until the Spanish conquest.

Quipu

-____ was the Incas writing system. It was a way they kept records using a system of knotted strings.

- This was significant because it was the main way the Incas communicated and kept records.

Maya

- a major civilization that flourished between A.D. 300-900. It was far to the east of Teotihuacan, on the yucatan peninsula. Much of Maya culture included much of central america and southern mexico.

- These peoples are significant because they built beautiful temples and pyramids and developed a complicated calendar as accurate as any in existence in the world at that time.

Hieroglyph

- a sophisticated writing system used for record keepings created by the Maya peoples.

- these were significant because they were one of the first recorded ways of writing. The oldest forms of writing.

Middle Passage

- The middle portion of the triangular trade route that was the journey of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas. Most people died from this voyage alone, some killed themselves because they didn't want to be enslaved, some died from sickness due to the unsanitary conditions they were surviving in, and other natural causes.

- _____ was significant because it was the area where most if not all slaves died and shows extreme significance to the great towns that have lost their lives due to slavery.

Francisco Pizzaro

-a European explorer who conquered the Inca Empire, as he led about 180 men with hun powder and horses into south america, other than tangible things, they also carried smallpox, which harmed most of the Inca Civilization. He took over the entire Inca empire and established a new capital at Lima for a new colony of the Spanish Empire.

-____ is significant because he took over an entire empire, one of the strongest empires, and created a new civilization for the Spanish Empire.

Mercantilism

- a method used in the seventeenth century that dominated economic thought. It was where the mother country would force high taxes and higher rates on essential goods and services to their colonies, and they relied on this. Which was ripping off the colonies but brought huge impacts for the mother country.

-____ was significant because it created a system where it forces the colonies to be dependent on the mother country

Peninsulares

-______ were at the top of the Colonial Latin America social classes that were based on privilege. These were Spanish and Portuguese officials who had been born in Europe and held all important government positions

- _____$ were significant because they represented the structure of the societies in Latin America and the highest provelleg they received compared to others.

Creoles

- The ______ were under the Peninsulares, they were descendants of Europeans born in Latin America, creoles controlled land and business.

-They are significant because they represent the structure of the societies in Latin America.

Encomienda

-The ______ was the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers. This right was put in place by Queen Isabella, who declared Native Americans to be her subjects.

-This right is significant because it shows how the Spanish felt towards Native Americans, they felt hatred, they took their land and used them as slaves.

Hermán Cortés

- the Spanish Conqueror of Mexico.With this position he had the power to influence the opinions and beliefs of many people.

-He is a significant figure because he spread christianity and religion by influencing his followers to convert native Americans to christianity. This is significant because it played a large role in European expansion, as they extended their reign on new territory.

Columbian Exchange

- The exchange of plants and animals and disease between Europe and the Americas. Europeans were bringing horses, cattle, and wheat to the Americas In exchange, agricultural products native to the Americas, such as potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco, were shipped to Europe.

-This was significant because it transformed economic activity in both worlds. It made the connection between different cultures, and countries and opened up new opportunities and trade routes for more foreign goods.

Colony

- A _____ is a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control. Colonies were used to participate in mercantilism, among all other things.

- ______ were significant because they represented the structure of the way the European Countries/parent countries monitored their settlements.

Conquistador

- the Spanish conquerors of the Americas who were individuals whose firearms, organizational skills, and determination brought them great success.

-They are significant because with their contributions of themselves to their new society and resources, the Spanish established an overseas empire quite different from the Portuguese trading post.

The Enlightenment

- an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized different ways of thinking.

This was significant in the Americas, more so than in Europe due to the independence that came with the enlightenment. The colonists were more attracted to new ideas because they saw imperial domination as irrational and unequal.

French and Indian War

-a war fought between France and Great Britain from 1754 to 1763. It was originally a conflict between the British and British North Americans against the French and a number of Native American tribes, until it exploded into a huge global conflict between these European powers for 7 years.

This was significant as it raised many tensions and feelings not only between European powers but between the colonists and their mother country, which eventually led to the American Revolution.

Haitian Revolution

- The ____________ took place in the french colony of Saint Dominique, the eastern part of the island, hispaniola. It had a plnataiton economy run by slaves and ruled by france. They slaves were severly mistreated and decided to finnaly take a stand and gain back their freedom/independence, which they did successfully. They were inspired by other revolutions, such as the american revolution to make change.

This was significant as it brought fourth ideas of racial equality that proved threatening to the rest of the americas, especially to those regions that depended on slave labor

Simón Bolívar

Revelutionary ideaology influenced the war of cuba fight for independence as jose marti, he was influenced by his ideaology and wrote a book about him, Military leader in multiple conflicts, Helped liberate venezuela, colombia, ecuador, bolivia, and peru,and ther portions of south africa

_______ was significant because he was the first president of Gran Colombia and was a very strong leader as he helped liberate all the nations involved/included in gran colombia to liberation through his strong leadership and military background

The Monroe Doctrine

- part of an annual message that James Monroe, the president of the United States, gave where he was discussing the relationship between the Americas and Europe. It declared that european countries should not interfere in the americas any longer, this established the freedom from the revolutionaries.

This was significant because the message that he gave became the core ideas expressed therein became the center of continental relations for over a century.

Gran Colombia (1819-1831)

- _________ was formed in 1819 during the wars of independence from Spain. It dissolved in 1830 with the secession of Venezuela and Ecurador, and also includes the modern states of Colombia and Panama. It was ruled by Simon Bolivar initially.

This was significant as it represents the unity between the liberated and independent nations. It shows the strength and leadership of not only Simon Bolivar, their first president, but also the leadership of everyone who played an active role in fighting for independence.

Intendancy System

- A system in the Spanish colonies in which the peninsulares were appointed as officials to oversee military leadership, implement imperial laws, and collect taxes from Creoles and indigenous communities. This is an example of a Bourbon reform that was implemented in Spanish America in the 1700s.

This was significant because it proved to be effective in most areas and led to an increase in revenue collection for the Spanish Crown.

Stamp Act of 1765

- a tax on all paper products (required them to have an official stamp), such as playing cards, newspapers,stamps,etc.

This was significant because it shows the force or implications the mother country made on the colonies. It also represents the economy at the time and it proves that Britain needed more funding for the War so they started to charge the colonies for their own money and failings.

George Washington

- The first president of the United states, from 1789-1797. He was a general and commander in chief of the continental army in the war of independence. He was born into a landowning family and privately educated until he was 15 years old. He ended up owning his own property, mount vernon, and owned numerous slaves.

_____ can be seen as a significant figure as he was the first president of the United States. This set the tradition or standard of forming a society based off of a president that has been set in place and followed until today.

George Washington shows significance as his presence was s

Lexington and Concord

- Battles fought on April 19, 1775, and were the first military engagments of the American Revelution. They opened the stage to all other conflicts between the American colonie and Great Britian.

These were significant as they were the turning points in which american colonists no longer desired autonomy; they now wanted complete freedom from the British Crown, which was mended to with the declaration of independence.