Unit 1 & 2 AP World Vocab

Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty

960-1279 AD

Era in late Imperial China that used Confucianism to govern.

Confucianism

A philosophy that taught human society is hierarchical by nature, which is to say, society was composed of unequal relationships.

Filial Piety

A virtue of honoring one’s ancestors and parents.

Civil Service Exam

An exam based on Confucious beliefs / ideals to become a government official.

Mahayana Buddhism

Emphasized Buddhist teaching was available to all and not just a select few. Also emphasized compassion and made Buddha into an object of devotion.

Champa Rice

Drought resistant rice that was able to be harvested twice a year. (Doubled farming profits)

Abbasid Caliphate

In power during the golden age of Islam.

A lot of innovation.

Fragmented by 1200’s.

Seljuk Empire

Brought in by Abbasid as military but began to take power by 1200’s. (when Abbasid started fragmenting)

Delhi Sultanate

Empire in North / India.

Hindu but ran by Muslims. (nearby empires were upset about this)

Sharia

Islamic law based on Quaran.

(principles of justice, fairness, & mercy)

Sunni Islam

Sect of Islam that believe any devout Muslim can lead people.

85%

Shia Islam

Sect of Islam that believe only descendants of Muhamad can lead people.

15%

Sufi Islam

Mystic branch of Islam that included anyone.

(Provided more spirituality)

House of Wisdom

Place to preserve and translate Greek texts.

Angkor Wat

Originally a Hindu temple but added Buddhism so the people could practice both.

Built by the Khmer Empire.

Buddhist Monasticism

Monks devoted life to Buddhism, spiritually living by strict laws. (isolation, chastity, etc.)

Khmer Empire

Founded w/ Hindu, prosperous, and built Angkor Wat.

Hinduism

Dominant religion in India, many gods, reincarnation, caste system, and karma.

Maya City-States

Sophisticated / advanced civilizations that were frequently at war with one another.

The goal was not land but network. (trade)

Popol Vuh

Mayan creation myth that explained how humans were created for maize and water.

Explained significance of Gods creating the universe.

Chichen Itza

City built by Maya people, rumored to be a sacrificial site.

Inca Empire

Expanded empire rapidly, outsiders who rose to power via military prowess, massive bureaucracy, and centralized power.

Terrace Farming

Agriculture technique farmers employed on hills to make unfarmable lands farmable.

Machu Picchu

Citadel from Inca Empire.

Testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca Empire.

Engineering feat that did not use mortar.

Aztec Empire

1345-1528

Mexica people founded this through an aggressive form of expansion.

Made tribute requirements.

Chinampas

Small artificial islands used by ancient Mesoamericans for agriculture.

Allowed crops to be produced year-round.

Flower Wars

A ritual war for captives practiced by the Aztecs & their enemies during famines.

Great Zimbabwe

Indian Ocean Trade.

Traded gold and cows.

Elite stayed in an enclosed stone area.

Converted to Islam.

Hausa Kingdoms

Collection of city states, politically independent, traded through the Sarahna Trade network.

Rulers converted to Islam for economic status.

Bant Migration

Went from Niger River to sub-Saharan area.

Feudalism

From of gov. in medieval Europe, included hierarchy topped by the king, but nobles really had all of the power.

Manorialism

Economic system of self-dependence resulted to limited acres of silk roads.

Many fragmented nations.

Serfdom

A system which peasants / slaves would serve landlords on farms, belong to the land.

Papacy

Power of the pope in the Roman catholic church

Chosen by cardinals.

Pope controlled people because king was weak.

7 Sacraments

A catholic theology emplaced to help people live in harmony w/ God.

Guild

Association of craftsman / merchant’s mutual pursuit to benefit both parties involved.

Hundred Years’ War

On and off war throughout 14th & 15th century between England and France.

Began over the disagree over France ruler fighting for land and power.

Reconquista

Series of military conquest by Christians to recapture Muslim territory. (Primarily on Iberian Peninsula)

Bubonic Plague

An infection originating from fleas widespread throughout Europe.

2/3 population killed.

Samarkand

Trading city that developed on the silk roads midway point.

Merchants stayed there.

Flying Money

Paper currency / standardized currency

Innovation of the Song Dynasty

Did not last / work.

Caravanserai

A place where people can get rest on the silk road.

(like an inn)

Genghis Khan

A powerful leader and united several Mongol groups.

Created the Mongol Empire.

Khanate

Military regions

(kingdoms)

Steppes

Dry grassland, flat, that many nomadic tribes made house to.

Siege of Caffa

A siege of the Genoese port town of Caffa by a large Crimean Tatar army under the Golden Horde, led by Khan Jani Beg.

Pax Mongolica

An era of stability & commerce that successfully connected Europe and East Asia.

Kublai Khan

Leader of the Yuan Dynasty, many believed he possessed the Mandate of Heaven to rule China. (Rightful Ruler)

Yuan Dynasty

Kublai Khan established by uniting war & factions across China.

Hulegu Khan

Mongol ruler who conquered most of Western Asia

Seized Baghdad

Ghazan

Seventh ruler of Mongol Empire.

Converted state to Islam and had wars against Egypt.

Il-Khanate

Mongol Khanate established from the southwestern sector of Mongol Empire.

Khanate of the Golden Horde

Khanate that tried to occupy the Caucasus and advance into Iran.

Southernization

The spread of South Asian culture, innovation, and ideas to surrounding areas.

Zheng He

Chinese general who commissioned to explore the Indian Ocean and enroll other nations in a tributary system.

Travelled w/ huge fleets and helped spread Chinese innovation.

Astrolabe

Tool used to measure astronomical measurements used for early navigation.

Malay Sailors

Highly skilled navigators that travelled w/o compasses.

Invented navigation tools and many types of ships.

Sultanate of Malacca

Capital city on the Melee Peninsula. became a prominent leading city w/ the rise of Indian Ocean trading.

They controlled a small strait, allowing them to become rich and powerful.

Caravan

Group of people travelling together, usually a long journey and on camel.

Ibn Battuta

Medevil Muslim traveler who wrote one of the most famous travel logs, he covered 75,000 miles and is and Islamic Legal Scholar.

Kingdom of Mali

converted to Islam for trade, became wealthy by taxing merchants on the silk road and by trading gold.

Mansa Musa

Ruler of Mali.

On a caravan trip he brought gold into Egypt and since he had so much of it Egypt’s economy crashed.

Timbuktu

City on Niger river, founded by Tuareg.

Major part in Saharan trade.

Center for Islamic trading.