Reading and Writing Flashcards

Flashcards for key vocabulary and concepts in Reading and Writing.

Textual Evidence

Using specific examples from a text (quotations) to support your own claims and ideas; uses only facts to make its point.

Claim

An assertion of belief about what is true or what should be.

Characteristics of Good Textual Evidence

Precise, descriptive, and factual.

Precise

based on accurate proofs just like numbers (statistics), exact quotation etc.

Descriptive

presenting a factual observation of something/someone

Factual

based on truth

Project Proposal

File/document that consists of your suggestion to improve your company.

Potential Pitfalls

Considering the audience, avoiding poorly defined proposals, aligning with organizational goals, clearly defining project benefits, and presenting effectively.

Data & Research

Facts, statistics, and other information that support your project.

Cover Sheet

Includes the name of the organization in charge and a short, descriptive project title.

Executive Summary

Short, precise gist of your project proposal, including a brief outline and contribution to national development.

Background

Describes the need for the project and how the proposal was produced.

Overall Purpose/Objective of the Project

Related to priorities outlined in the EDF Sector Policy Support Programmed Indicators; clear, concise, and focused.

Project Work Plan

Shows how the projects will be done, covering objectives and possible steps.

Proposed Budget

Detailed budget justification explaining estimates for each line item.

Conclusion

Sum-up of the proposal, including a brief discussion of the problem, solution, and significant parts.

Appendices

Photos or other documents connected to your proposal.

Research Paper

To discover new knowledge.

Research Report

To inform; presents analyzes of finished studies of other researchers; does not result in new knowledge.

Thesis Statement

Clarifies the purpose of the report.

Introduction

The purpose of the report.

Background Information

May include a brief review of the literature.

Literature Review (Research Report)

Useful to outline the literatures gathered in a chronological manner or in thematic way.

Methodology

Write what you did in a comprehensive manner.

Results

Indicate what was found out in research (NOT to interpret them).

Discussion

Relevance of the results & the findings are discussed here; relate back to the literature review & the introductory thesis statement.

Conclusion

Summary of the most significant results/findings; new materials are not included.

Recommendations

Suggestions for what needs to be done further.

References/Bibliography

All materials (literatures & studies) used in your report.

Appendices

Add extra information to the report.

Title of Report

Should be clear & should indicate what is really being studied.

Table of Contents

Lists all sections, subheadings, tables/graphs, appendices & give page numbers for each.

Abstract/Synopsis (Research Report)

Gives a brief overview of the report in a condensed form.

Documentation

Process of citing illustrative or supporting references for statements made.

Bibliography

List of all the sources you have used in the process of researching your work.

MLA Format (Modern Language Association)

Primarily used in English Literature & other disciplines of the humanities.

Chicago Style

Usually used for history texts.

APA Style (American Psychological Association)

Used for psychology & other sciences.

Plagiarism

Act of using other’s information without giving credit or acknowledging them.

Initial Thoughts (Movie Review)

Initial reaction; impression.

Synopsis (Movie Review)

Brief or general survey of the movie.

SMART

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, & Time-bound.

Visualize Your Action Plan

Charts & tables are usually used; specific & easy to understand.

Purpose of Resume

To market yourself.

Chronological Resume

Displays information about education & work experiences in a reverse chronological order.

Functional Resume

Arranges your details based on your skills rather than on job titles.

Identification (Resume)

Full name, address, phone number, area code, & e-mail address.

Education (Resume)

Higher level achieved should come first & continue backward with other schools attained, degrees earned, or training received.

Experience (Resume)

Full & part-time job, internships, volunteer work, & summer jobs.

References (Resume)

Names, titles, addresses, telephone no., & e-mail address of three to five people for whom the company can communicate regarding additional information about you.

Salutation (Cover Letter)

Contains the addressee of the letter; indicate the specific person rather than merely stating an the office/department.

Opening (Cover Letter)

First few sentences of your letter should tell the employer which work position you are applying for.

Closing (Cover Letter)

Express your desire for an interview, state your contact no. & e-mail address.

Introduction

Stating your purpose for writing; give a reader a preview of your main points.

Body

Used to explain in a more detailed manner.

Conclusion

Restate the main points that you highlighted in the introduction & request for the reader to make an action.

Informal Email

Written to friends, family; grammar is not important; you can write in any way you want.

Formal Email

Written to professor, boss, colleagues; must always be professional in tone and the choice of words; should be no error.