AP Psych Intelligence Vocab Words

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situation.

General Intelligence (G factor)

Overall performance on mental ability tests. Underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

origins of intelligence testing

In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed a method of measuring intelligence for developmentally disabled children by determining mental age, the age at which a child is performing intellectually, expressed in terms of the average age at which normal children achieve a particular score.

Factor Analysis

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test and used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score.

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

-Mental age/Chronological age multiplied by 100.
-Average score is 100

Mental age

the level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age.

Chronological age

actual age

actual age

The process of defining meaningful scores relative to a pretested group.

Validity

The test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Construct validity

How much a test measures a concept or trait.

Predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the criterion it is designed to predict.

Reliability

Refers to consistency, a person's score on a test at one point in time should be similar to the score obtained by the same person on a similar test at a later point in time.

Test-retest reliability

-Retest with the same test)
-The higher the correlation between the two scores, the higher the test's reliability is.

split-half/split-test reliability

A measure of reliability in which a test is split into two parts and an individual's scores on both halves are compared.

Stereotype threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Stereotype lift

if you are confident that your group or "type" does well on a test or task, being exposed to situations that create stereotype threat in outgroup members may actually improve performance.

Flynn effect

Explains that there has been a rise in each successive generation's average IQ scores.

Achievement test

Intended to reflect what you've learned (current performance)

Aptitude test

Intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill (future performance)

Fixed mindset

The view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort.

Growth mindset

Focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed.

Psychometric

Measuring psychological attributes, such as intelligence, personality traits, attitudes, and abilities.

Fluid intelligence

-Ability to solve problems quickly and think abstractly.
-Decreases slowly with age.

Crystallized intelligence

-Accumulated knowledge over a lifetime.
-Increases with age.

systematic issues relating to the use of intelligence assessments

systematic issues relating to the use of intelligence assessments

multiple intelligence theory

Gardner's theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least eight types of intelligence (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic)

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical (most widely accepted)

emotional intelligence

the ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning. Includes perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions.

Standford-Binet Test

the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test

Eugenics

the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics (intelligence in this case)