AP Biology Unit 2: Cell Structure & Function Practice Test (Multiple Choice)

Questions 1-4 - Refer to the following list of organelles.

I. Nucleus

II. Mitochondrion

III. Chloroplast

IV. Plasma Membrane

V. Cell Wall

1. Which organelles listed are found only in plant cells?

a. I and II

b. II and IV

c. III and V

d. I, III, and V

e. III, IV, and V

C

I. Nucleus

II. Mitochondrion

III. Chloroplast

IV. Plasma Membrane

V. Cell Wall

2. Which organelles listed contain DNA?

a. I and III

b. II and III

c. III and V

d. I, II, and III

e. I, II, and IV

D

I. Nucleus

II. Mitochondrion

III. Chloroplast

IV. Plasma Membrane

V. Cell Wall

3. Which organelles listed are involved with controlling what goes in and out of the cell?

a. I and II

b. IV and V

c. I, III, and IV

d. II, III, and IV

e. III, IV, and V

B

I. Nucleus

II. Mitochondrion

III. Chloroplast

IV. Plasma Membrane

V. Cell Wall

4. Which organelles listed are involved in energy production?

a. II and III

b. III and IV

c. IV and V

d. I, II, and III

e. II, III, and IV

A

5. Free ribosomes are found in the __________ and bounded ribosomes are found in the __________.

a. Cell Wall; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

b. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; Cell Wall

c. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

d. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; Cytoplasm

e. Cytoplasm, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

E

6. What is/are the functions of lysosomes?

a. Metabolizes food particles & old macromolecules

b. Metabolizes carbohydrates, synthesizes lipids, and detoxes poisons

c. Keeps organelles in place and transports molecules within the cell

d. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Makes proteins

A

7. What is/are the functions of ribosomes?

a. Metabolizes food particles & old macromolecules

b. Metabolizes carbohydrates, synthesizes lipids, and detoxes poisons

c. Keeps organelles in place and transports molecules within the cell

d. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Makes proteins

E

8. What is/are the functions of Golgi Apparatuses?

a. Metabolizes food particles & old macromolecules

b. Metabolizes carbohydrates, synthesizes lipids, and detoxes poisons

c. Keeps organelles in place and transports molecules within the cell

d. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Makes proteins

D

9. What is/are the functions of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulums?

a. Metabolizes food particles & old macromolecules

b. Metabolizes carbohydrates, synthesizes lipids, and detoxes poisons

c. Keeps organelles in place and transports molecules within the cell

d. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Makes proteins

B

10. What is/are the functions of the Cytoskeleton?

a. Metabolizes food particles & old macromolecules

b. Metabolizes carbohydrates, synthesizes lipids, and detoxes poisons

c. Keeps organelles in place and transports molecules within the cell

d. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

e. Makes proteins

C

Question 11 - Choose the two best answers.

11. Active transport and passive transport differ in that... (choose all that apply)

a. Active transport goes with the concentration gradient (high to low) while passive transport goes against the concentration gradient (low to high)

b. Active transport goes against the concentration gradient (low to high) while passive transport goes with the concentration gradient (high to low)

c. Active transport uses energy while passive transport doesn't use energy

d. Passive transport uses energy while active transport doesn't use energy

e. They do not differ at all; they are the same process

B & C

12. Primary active transport and secondary active transport differ in that...

a. Primary active transport directly uses ATP for the energy to transport molecules while secondary active transport uses energy that was stored in a concentration gradient (ATP is not directly involved)

b. Secondary active transport directly uses ATP for the energy to transport molecules while primary active transport uses energy that was stored in a concentration gradient (ATP is not directly involved)

c. Primary active transport uses ATP faster than secondary active transport and therefore primary active transport is quicker and more powerful.

d. Secondary active transport uses ATP faster than primary active transport and therefore secondary active transport is quicker and more powerful.

e. They do not differ at all; they are the same process

A

13. Diffusion is a(n) __________ process and is the movement of particles from __________ concentration regions to __________ concentration regions.

a. Active, low, high

b. Active, high, low

c. Passive, low, high

d. Passive, high, low

e. Active and passive, high and low, high and low

D

14. Osmosis is the diffusion of __________ molecules down their concentration gradient across a semi-permeable membrane.

a. H20 (Water Molecules)

b. OH- (Hydroxide Ions)

c. C6H1206 (Glucose Molecules)

d. H+ (Hydrogen Ions)

e. O2 Oxygen (Oxygen Gas)

A

15. Aquaporins are a special type of channel protein that speeds up the passage of __________ molecules.

a. H20 (Water Molecules)

b. OH- (Hydroxide Ions)

c. C6H1206 (Glucose Molecules)

d. H+ (Hydrogen Ions)

e. O2 Oxygen (Oxygen Gas)

A

16. Proteins found on the outer layer of the plasma membrane that provides the cell with an identifiable cell signature so that the body can distinguish between its own cells and foreign molecules are called __________.

a. Surface Proteins

b. Aquaproins

c. GLUT1 Proteins

d. G Proteins

e. Cell Surface Antigens

E

Questions 17-19 - Refer to the following list of molecules.

I. Gases

II. Charged Molecules

III. Large Polar Molecules

IV. Small Polar Molecules

V. Hydrophobic molecules

17. Which molecules can diffuse through the membrane on their own?

a. I and IV

b. II and III

c. I, II, and IV

d. I, IV, and V

e.II, IV, and V

D

18. Which molecule(s) can diffuse only with channel proteins (not carrier proteins)?

a. I only

b. II only

c. III only

d. IV only

e. I, II, III, IV, and V

C

19. Which molecule(s) can diffuse only with carrier proteins (not channel proteins)?

a. I only

b. II only

c. III only

d. IV only

e. I, II, III, IV, and V

B

20. Some large eukaryotic cells elongate themselves - what does this do?

a. Volume increases

b. Surface area and volume increases

c. Surface area increases while volume decreases

d. Increase surface area to volume ratio

e. Decrease surface area to volume ratio

D

21. What is one factor that is not affected by a small surface area to volume ratio?

a. Difficulty metabolizing

b. Difficulty for the cellular membrane to contain its cellular components

c. Difficulty getting outside materials into the center of the cell

d. Difficulty moving out wastes

e. Difficulty carrying out necessary cellular processes to keep itself alive

A

22. In a spherical cell, as the cell volume increases, the corresponding surface area will _________.

a. Increase at a faster rate

b. Increase at a slower rate

c. Increase at the same rate

d. Stay the same

e. Decrease at a relatively slow rate

A

Question 23 - Use a calculator to solve the following question.

23. If the diameter of a spherical cell was 100μm, what would be its surface area?

Surface area of a sphere: 4πr²

a. 251.27μm

b. 2,513.27μm

c. 125,663.71μm

d. 1256.64μm

e. 31,415.93μm

E

24. Water potential (ψ), the tendency of water to move from one region to another by osmosis, travels from areas of negative ψ to areas of more-negative ψ (for example, water will go from an area of -400ψ to an area of -500ψ).

The ψ of a region is calculated by adding the solute potential (ψs) and the pressure potential (ψp). The ψs will be 0 or negative, and the ψp will be positive, 0, or negative. The ψ will always be negative.

Calculate the water potential for region A and region B. Then, state which region water will go towards.

Area A

ψs = -400kPa

ψp = 300kPa

ψ = ?

Area B

ψs = -500kPa

ψp = 300kpPa

ψ = ?

a. Area A ψ = -100kPa; Area B ψ = 200kPa; B → A

b. Area A ψ = -100kPa; Area B ψ = -200kPa; B → A

c. Area A ψ = -100kPa; Area B ψ = -200kPa; A → B

d. Area A ψ = 100kPa; Area B ψ = 200kPa; B → A

e. Area A ψ = 100kPa; Area B ψ = 200kPa; A → B

C

26. All animal cells have a ψp of...

a. -300ψp

b. -100ψp

c. 0ψp

d. 100ψp

e. 300ψp

C

26. Plasmolysis is when water leaves the cell, causing the cell to be flaccid. This means that plasmolysis occurs in...

a. Hypertonic Solutions

b. Hypertonic Solutions

c. Isotonic Solutions

d. Hot Solutions

e. Cold Solutions

A

27. Turgor occurs when water enters the cell, causing the cell to have a lot of pressure. This is very good for plant cells and occurs in...

a. Hypertonic Solutions

b. Hypotonic Solutions

c. Isotonic Solutions

d. Hot Solutions

e. Cold Solutions

B

29. In Ion Pumps, for every ____ K+ ions that move into the cell, ____ Na+ ions move out of the cell.

a. 2, 1

b. 1, 2

c. 3, 2

d. 2, 3

e. 1, 3

D

28. A net water movement of 0 means the amount of water entering the cell is the same amount of water leaving the cell. This occurs in...

a. Hypertonic Solutions

b. Hypertonic Solutions

c. Isotonic Solutions

d. Hot Solutions

e. Cold Solutions

C

30. The process in which two substances are simultaneously transported across a membrane by one protein is called...

a. Double-transport

b. Dotransport

c. Duotransport

d. Cotransport

e. Cooptransport

D

31. Endocytosis is the process in which substances are going __________ the cell and exocytosis is the process in which substances are going _________ the cell. Endocytosis and exocytosis are both __________ processes.

a. Into, out of, fast

b. Out of, into, passive

c. Into, out of, passive

d. Out of, into, active

e. Into, out of, active

E

32. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which the cell intakes __________. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which the cell intakes __________.

a. Liquids, solids

b. Solids, liquids

c. Gases, liquids

d. Solids, gases

e. Liquids, gases

B

33. Exocytosis occurs when a secretory __________ fuses with the plasma membrane and expels its contents into the extracellular space.

a. Vesicle

b. Cell

c. Ribosome

d. Protein

e. Plasma

A

Question 34 - Refer to the following list of transport.

I. Simple Diffusion

II. Facilitated Diffusion

III. Pinocytosis

IV. Osmosis

V. Phagocytosis

VI. Na+/K+ Pumps

VII. Exocytosis

VIII. Endocytosis

34. Which of the following are active processes?

a. I, II, III, IV and V

b. I, II III, VII, and VIII

c. I, II, IV, V, and VI

d. III, V, VI, VII, and VIII

e. II, III, V, VI, and VII

D

35. What is the full name for ATP?

a. Additive Transport Process

b. Additive Triprocess

c. Adenosine Monophosphate

d. Adenosine Triphosphate

e. Adenosine Diphosphate

D

36. A plant's cell wall is made out of __________ and a fungi's cell wall is made out of __________.

a. Chloroplast, cellulose

b. Cellulose, chloroplast

c. Cellulose, chitin

d. Chitin, cellulose

e. Chloroplast, chloroplast

C

37. In gram-positive bacteria, a __________ layer of peptidoglycan covers the outer membrane. In gram-negative bacteria, a __________ layer of peptidoglycan covers the outer membrane.

a. Positively charged, negatively charged

b. Negatively charged, positively charged

c. Thick, thin

d. Thin, thick

e. Smooth, rough

C

38. What organelles are involved in cellular respiration?

a. Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane

b. Cytoplasm, mitochondria

c. Plasma membrane, vacuoles

d. Nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes

e. Chloroplast

B

39. What organelles are involved in cellular secretion?

a. Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane

b. Cytoplasm, mitochondria

c. Plasma membrane, vacuoles

d. Nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes

e. Chloroplast

A

40. What organelles are involved in protein synthesis?

a. Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane

b. Cytoplasm, mitochondria

c. Plasma membrane, vacuoles

d. Nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes

e. Chloroplast

D