Chemical Reaction and Acids, Bases, and Salt

Chemical Reaction

A process in which are or most substances are altered into one or more new and difference substance.

Temperature Change, Formation of gas/bubble, Color Change, and Formation of Precipitate

Enumerate the 4 indicators

Chemical Equation

Symbolic representations of chemical reactions in which the reactants and the products are expressed in terms of their respective chemical formula.

Reactants

The substances that go into a chemical reaction.

Products

The substances produced at the end of the reaction.

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, and Combustion

Enumerate the 5 types of Chemical Reactions.

Acids

Substances that release Hydrogen ions or donates protons in a chemical reaction.

Bases

A substance that releases Hydroxide ions or accepts protons in a chemical reaction.

Bitter taste

Bases taste like?

Sour taste

Acids taste like?

Combination/Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into 2 or more products.

Single Replacement/Displacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where one element or ion in a compound is replaced by another element or ion.

Double Displacement Reactiont

A chemical reaction where the cations and anions of 2 different compounds switch places, forming 2 new compounds.

Reactivity Series

Displacement Reactions follows this — an element will replace only a less reactive element.

Lithium, Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Carbon, Zinc, Chromium, Iron, Nickel, Tin, Lead Hydrogen, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Platinum, and Gold

Enumerate the 19 metals based on their reactivity from most reactive to least.

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine

Enumerate the 4 Halogens based on reactivity from most to least.

Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction where a fuel reacts with oxygen to produce heat.

O2 and CH4

What are 2 distinct

Acetic Acid

Its chemical name is Ethanoic Acid. Its aqueous form is often used as a condiment.

Vitamin C

Its chemical name is Ascorbic Acid. It is found in different foods such as citrus fruits and green vegetables. It is importantly for growth and repair of body tissues.

Citric Acid

Its chemical name 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid. It is an organic chemical compound commonly found in fruits and vegetables It is also used to preserve meats.

Muriatic Acid

Its chemical name is Hydrochloric Acid. It is commonly used to remove stains from metals and in-between tiles in the bathroom. It is also the acid in our stomach used for digestion.

Aqua Fortis, Spirit of Niter

Its chemical name Nitric Acid. It is used in making plastics, fertilizers, and dyes.

Oil of Vitriol

Its chemical name is Sulfuric Acid. It is used mainly in the production of different chemicals such as phosphates and hydrofluoric acids, in metal processing, and in paints.

Phosphoric Acid

Its dilute form is used in a variety of foods and beverages to give its tart flavor. It is also used as an electrolyte and an etching agent.

Caustic Soda or Lye

Its chemical name is Sodium Hydroxide. It is a main ingredient in ovens and drain cleaners. It is also used in the production of soap, paper, and fabric.

Milk of Magnesia

Its chemical name Magnesium Hydroxide. It is commonly used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion.

Ammonia

It is used as a household cleaner to remove surface grease and dirt.

Baking Soda

Its chemical name is Sodium Bicarbonate. It is used in baking and as a nontoxic cleaning agent. When dissolved in water, it can also be used to neutralize the acid in the stomach.

Litmus Paper

A strip of paper used to to determine whether the substance is an acid or base. It uses fungi coating for reaction.

Neutralization Reaction

Acids and Bases react with each other which will form a salt and water.

The Power of Hydrogen

This scale was invented by a Danish Chemist named Soren Sorensen in 1909.

Pouvior Hydrogene

The word pH comes from the French word?

pH = -log[H+]

The pH of a solution is defined as the

pH Meter

This electric or battery-powered device is used to measure the hydrogen ion in activity in the solution. It consists of a voltmeter and a pH-sensitive electrode.

Buffer Solution

pH meter must be regularly calibrated by dipping it in this solution, which is a test solution of known pH, to give an accurate pH value.

Titration

The neutralization reaction between an acid and a base is commonly executed through this process.

Litmus Paper and Anthocyanin

Give me 2 common natural indicators.

Phenolphthalein

This synthetic indicator is colorless at a pH range of 8.0-10

Red, Yellow, and Pale Yellow

These are the colors that Methyl Orange turns to in different pH levels. Should be in order.

Colorless, Colorless, and Pink

These are the colors that Phenolphthalein turns to in different pH levels. Should be in order.

Red, Blue, and Green

These are the colors that Red Cabbage turns to in different pH levels. Should be in order.

Soren Sorensen

He is a Danish Chemist that invented the pH scale in 1909.

Acid

A substance with the pH of 0-6 is considered as?

Neutral

A substance with the pH of 7 is considered as?

Base

A substance with the pH of 8-14 is considered as?

Photosynthesis

A fundamental process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria where sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide combine to create glucose.

Respiration

A process shared by all organisms. The biochemical pathway releases energy from organic compounds, primarily glucose, to power cellular activities.

Analyte

Chemical substance that is the subject of chemical analysis.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of the products must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Rate of Reaction

Commonly measured as the change in reactant or product concentration over time.

Exothermic

A chemical reaction or physical change if heat is released by the system into the surroundings.

Endothermic

Chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Concentration

The amount of substance in a specific volume or space.

Catalyst

Any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed.

Transition Metal Complexes

Transition metal ions readily form complexes with ligands.

Heterogenous Catalyst

Solid nanostructured material with high surface area enhance catalyctic activity by allowing reactants to absorb onto their active sites.

Biological Catalyst

Molecules that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being altered themselves.

Corrosion Prevention

Can be prevented by carrying out regular checks of heat transfer surfaces.

Chemical Thermodynamics

The study of how heat and work relate to each other both in changes of state and in chemical reactions.

Exothermic Reaction

The overall standard enthalpy charge is negative.