TTU Dr. Jackson Test 1 Horse, Sheep, Goat

Stallion

sexually mature, male horse

Colt

sexually immature, male horse

Mare

sexually mature, female horse

Filly

sexually immature, female horse

Gelding

male horse castrated before reaching sexual maturity

Foal

a young male or female horse until weaned at 4 to 6 months of age

Equine

refers to horses, species name

Jack

Male donkey

Jennet (Jenny)

female donkey

Mule

offspring of a mare mated to a jack

Hinny

offspring of a jenny mated to a stallion

Stud

Place where stallions are housed. Also another name for a stallion “stud horse”

Hand

unit of measurement (4in) for the height of a horse

Walk

4-beat lateral gait, slowest

Trot

2 beat diagonal gait in which the paired diagonal feet strike and leave the ground simultaneously. English riding style

Jog

same as a trot, two beat diagonal gait, but in a western riding style

Pace

2 beat lateral gait in which the lateral limbs strike the ground simultaneously (not a good riding style) (not a lot of people want this)

Canter/gallop

3 beat gait in which the first and third beats are made up by two legs striking the ground independently and the second beat is made by two legs striking the ground simultaneously. (English riding style)

Lope

same as canter, 3 beat gait. (western riding style)

Running walk

fast walk of the Tennessee Walking Horse. $ beat gait that is faster then the ordinary walk. The hind foot oversteps the hoof print of the forefoot by 18 to 50 in.

Light horse breeds

14.2 hands and above, 900-1200 lbs, usually riding breeds

American Quarter Horse

Originated in America during colonial era for short distance racing-very fast for about 20 sec. Most popular breed of horse-2.8 million registered. Primarily a solid color. Heavy muscles, carries tail down, shoulder and neck are at a lower angle (comes out low from shoulder)

Cutting

Popular sport for American Quarter Horse, some are very agile, good stock horses

Racing

popular sport for American Quarter Horse, they excel in the Quarter mile race

Arabain

Desert horse from Egypt, noted for speed and stamina, big feet, lighter bones, not very muscular. Tail is up, hip is level with the croup, not very muscular, neck has an arch to it, neck is long and out. Alertful, head has a dish appearance

Arabian racing horse

picture to memorize

Thoroughbred

Originated in England, has an Arabian background, arrived in America in 1730, known for their speed and endurance, very expensive, Bigger leaner horse, big horse (18 hands), has muscles, tail down, neck up. English type horses. These horses were developed for racing but are no longer used for racing

Secretariat

The best racing horse of all time due to his enlarged heart. did not sire a good son

Steeplechase

Thoroughbred racing event for jumping

Morgan

Developed by Justin Morgan, 14.1 to 15.1 hands, 1000 to 1200 lbs, developed as a general purpose horse for New England farms. two types- English pleasure and stock. (Thoroughbred and Arabian mix) Upright tail, level croup, long almost up right neck. Does the weird leg thing with his back legs

Standardbred

14.2 to 16.2 hands 850 to 1150 lbs, originated in America used for sulky races, used to pull people

Rack

4 beat gait where the forelegs are brought upward to produce a flashy effect. hindlegs do not overreach the front legs

Standardbred photos

photos for standardbred

Saddle bred

Also known as the Peacock horse, 15 to 16 hands, developed in Kentucky as a plantation horse. known for ease of riding, used for recreation and showing. Legs bend up and move, hock is lifted, flexible joints, tail up, head up, collected head, slow gait is more animated, rack is fast speed

Tennessee Walking Horse

15 to 16 hands, originated in Middle Tennessee Valley as a plantation riding horse. Distinctive characteristics, ability to do the running walk. Standing long (weird leg thing), tail up, rear end is lower than top end, lift up feet high, lot of leg action, they do not trot

American Paint Horse

Same type and pedigree as Quarter horse, Its basically a Quarter horse with too much white, must have one white spot above the legs larger than a silver dollar. fastest growing breed today

Tobiano

White with regular, oval-shaped colored spots, white crosses the back

Tovero

Combines both Tobiano and Overo characteristics, has blue eyes

Overo

Colored with irregular white spots white spot do not cross the back at least one leg is colored face is often white

Pinto

Similar color requirements to American Paint Horse, can be any breed type, can be overo, tobiano, tovero, Cannot have any appaloosa or draft blood

Appaloosa

Have strong quarter horse bloodlines, developed by the Nez Perce Indians in Idaho and Washington, eyes are encircled in white, skin is mottled, hooves are black and white striped vertically

Palomino

Oldest color breed, registry in Tulsa, golden in color with white mane and tail, color near that of a gold coin, skin must be black, dark or mouse colored, must have 15% or fewer dark hairs in the mane and tail

Palomino photo

Palomino Photo

American Buckskin

hair coat of some shade of yellow (gold to nearly brown) with black or brown points

Dun

Type of buckskin with black or red legs, mane and tail, line down the back

Red dun

Type of buckskin with black or red legs, mane and tail, line down back but red

Grulla

Mouse colored buckskin

Percheron

Originated in France, predominately black or gray or a combination of both black and gray, no feathering on legs, much knee and hock action. used as a teaser horse, massive neck

Clydesdale

the Budweiser horse, originated in Scotland, feathered legs-presents disease problems, very animated and flashy, extensive white face and leg markings, sorrel or bay color

Belgian

originated in Belgium, most massive of the draft horses, known for size and strength, sorrels and roans with flaxen mane and tail

Shire

originated in England, tallest of the draft breeds, usually black but can be bay or brown

Suffolk

originated in England, chestnut color- only draft breed that breeds completely true for that color

Pony breeds

under 14.1 hands under 800lbs

Welsh

originated in Wales, great for children, best ponies, used to work in coal mines, work cattle, pull chariots, serve as postman mounts

Pony of Americas

developed in Iowa, Shetland stallion bred to Appaloosa mare, must have Appaloosa coloring

Shetland

11.2 hands max 300 to 400 lbs, originated in Shetland islands, shaggy furry hair coats, short tempered and stubborn

Hackney

Hackney photo

Gray

photo of gray horse

Bay

photo of bay horse

sorrel

picture of a sorrel horse

Roan

Picture of a Roan horse

Ram/buck

intact male sheep

Ram lamb

intact male sheep less than 1 yr age

Ewe

female sheep

Ewe lamb

female sheep less than one year age

Lamb

offspring of cheep, less than 1 year of age, also the meat from lambs

Wether

male sheep castrated before reaching sexual maturity

Ovine

species name of sheep

wool

fibers produced by sheep

Flock

a group of sheep

Fleece

wool produced from one sheep

dock

to remove the tail of a sheep. also the area around the tail of a sheep

Mutton

meat obtained from a mature sheep greater than 1 yr of age. must stronger taste flavor than lamb

Lanolin

oily substance obtained from wool that is used in cosmetics and ointments

Economically important traits of sheep

Adaptability, Prolificacy, Growth rate, Carcass merit, Fleece trait

Range

primarily wool type sheep operations

Farm flock

mostly black faced sheep

Purebred

mostly farm flocks, provide rams for commercial producers

Feedlot

Sheep are fed in drylot until they hit slaughter weight, not very popular anymore

Rambouillet

from France, largest fine wool breed, horned or polled rams, polled ewes, dominate in numbers in the US, 90 to 95 percent of range flocks, and range flocks are about 90 percent of total sheep

Merino (Delaine)

from spain, major breed in Australia and New Zealand, finest wool, good staple length, heavy grease weight, poor carcasses

Merino (Delaine) photos

Merino (Delaine) photos

Debouillet

developed by A.D. Jones, Tatum, NM. Cross of a Rambouillet and Merino, good growth rate and staple length

Fine wool breeds

White in color, very fine silky hair on face, ears, and legs, wool is very fine. Advantages- wool quality and quantity, hardiness, adaptability to range conditions, longevity, flocking instinct, out of season breeding. Disadvantages- wool blindness, body wrinkles, poorly muscled carcasses, slow growth rate, mature slowly, low lambing percentage

Long wool breeds

White in color, very long, coarse wool, both rams and ewes are polled. Advantages- very large size has

Lincoln

Most valuable long wool sheep, these sheep wear blankets a lot of the time and are not predominant in the usa

Cotswold

Least valuable long wool breed

Leicester

Long wool sheep breed, have bald heads and legs

Romney

long wool breed with wool on face and legs

Medium wool breeds

White in color, both rams and ewes are polled, advantages large size, heavy fleeces, good performers under range conditions. Disadvantages- wool is coarser than fine wool breeds, carcasses are acceptable but not great

Columbia

Originated in Wyoming by crossing Lincoln rams with Rambouillet ewes

Corriedale

originated in New Zealand by crossing Lincoln rams with Merino ewes

Targhee

originated in Idaho by crossing Rambouillet rams with Columbia ewes

Targhee photos

Targhee photos

Meat types or medium wool breeds

Both ewes and rams are polled except for the Dorset in which the ewes and rams can be horned or polled. Advantages- fast growing, excellent carcasses, prolificacy. Disadvantages- coarse light weight fleece, lack flocking instinct, not good under range conditions, black fibers are a problem

Suffolk

Largest of meat type breeds, black head, ear and legs with no wool on head or legs

Hampsire

Black head, ears and legs with wool on head and legs

Dorset

white head, ears and legs with wool on head and legs. breed out of season. horn and polled for both male and females

Dorset photos

Dorset photos

Oxford

medium brown to dark gray nose, ears and feet with wool on head and legs