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Chemistry
the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes
Element
pure substance that cannot be broken down into similar substances by ordinary means
Atomic Number
# by which the periodic table is organized
Zig zag line
The line on the periodic table separating metals and nonmetals
Chemical symbol
1 or 2 letter designation for an element
Elements 106 and 118
What Elements are named after living people?
Similar
Elements are placed relatively near other elements that are _______.
Group
A vertical column on the periodic table; elements tend to have similar properties
Periodic
Suggesting behavior that is repeated
Period
A horizontal row on the periodic table
Group 1
Alkalimetals
Group 2
Alkiline earth metals
Groups 3-12
Transition metals
Group 16
Chalcogens (ore forming)
Group 17
Halogens
Group 18
Noble Gases
IPUAC
The group that governs the periodic table
Atom
smallest unit of an element that carries the properties of that element
Protons
particle in an atom with a positive charge; located inside the nucleus
Nuetrons
Particles in an atom’s nucleus with no charge
Electrons
Particles floating outside an atom’s nucleus that have a negative charge
Atomic Number
number of protons in an atom of a given element
Same #
Atoms must have the ____________ of protons as electrons
Isotopes
atoms of a given element that differ in mass (# of nuetrons)
Mass number (of an isotope)
is equal to the total # of protons and nuetrons
By calculating by adding weight of protons and nuetrons
How do you differentiate isotopes?
Atomic Weight/Mass
the average mass of all the stable isotopes of a given element, taking into consideration their abundance
1) Exact Mass 2) Abundance of each isotope as a percentage
What 2 Things do you need to calculate the atomic mass of an isotope?
Exact mass of isotope #1 x Percent abundance/100
What is the formula or calculating atomic mass?
Compound
2 or more elements chemically combined in a definite proportion by mass
Chemical bonding
Electrons are instrumental in _______ ________.
2, 10, 36, 54, 86, 118
What are the numbers of electronic stability?
Nearest Noble Gas
In chemical interaction between atoms, atoms attempt to obtain the same number of electrons as the _________________.
Metallic Bond
Metal/metal interactions
Ionic Bond
Metal/nonmetal interactions
Gained and lost
In an ionic bond, electrons are both ______ and _____.
Covalent Bond
Nonmetal to nonmetal interactions
Shared
In a covalent bond, electrons are ______.
Electrical conductivity
the transfer of electrons from one metal to another
Ion
Result of an atom gaining or losing 1 or more electrons
Cation
A positively charged ion
Metals
What forms cations?
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Nonmetals
What forms anions?
Subscripts
In a chemical equation, ______ show the number of atoms required of that element to make the bond.
Take the superscripts for the Metal ion and make it the subscript on the nonmetal
Take the superscript for the nonmetal and make it the subscript on the metal
How do you determine the formula for an ionic compound?
Binary Compound
Compound made up of 2 Elements
Ternary Compound
Compound made up of 3 Elements
Quaternary Compound
Compound made up of 4 Elements
The atom has more electrons than the ion.
How do a Magnesium atom and a Magnesium cation differ? Mg and Mg +2
Change
An atoms # of protons does not ______.
