[MT] PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMY AND LEGITIMATE COOPERATION

What principle of bioethics: The duty to avoid causing harm, such as pain, suffering, or death.

Nonmaleficence

What principle of bioethics: This principle requires healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to their patients.

Nonmaleficence

What principle of bioethics: The duty to act in the patient's best interest, such as preventing harm and helping those in need.

Beneficence

What principle of bioethics: This principle requires healthcare professionals to act in the patient's best interest, such as by preventing harm or helping those in need.

Beneficence

What principle of bioethics: The duty to treat people fairly and equally, and to distribute resources fairly.

Justice

What principle of bioethics: This principle requires healthcare professionals to treat all patients fairly and equally, and to distribute resources fairly.

Justice

What principle of bioethics: The right of patients to make informed decisions about their own healthcare.

Autonomy

What principle of bioethics: This principle requires healthcare professionals to respect their patients' decisions about their healthcare, even if they disagree with those decisions.

Autonomy

What can be defined as "self-rule with no control, undue influence or interference from others."

Autonomy

What is Capacity to think, decide or act on the basis of thoughts and decisions with freedom and independence.

Autonomy

The concept of ________ is the ability to act, speak, and change without being restricted or hindered. It can also be defined as the absence of coercion, constraint, or necessity.

Freedom

________ is, at minimum, self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations, such as inadequate understanding, that prevent meaningful choice.

Personal Autonomy

A person of ______________, by contrast, is in some respect controlled by others or incapable of deliberating or acting on the basis of his or her desires and plans.

Diminished Autonomy

The main criticism of __________ is that the physician has little influence on the patient's decision, which is often based on a lack of full understanding of his conditions.

pure autonomy

What is the freedom of healthcare professionals to make decisions based on their own judgement and knowledge.

Professional autonomy

What can help ensure that patients receive care that meets their needs.

Autonomy

What refers to an individual's refusal to participate in a legal activity or procedure due to deeply held personal moral or religious belief?

"conscientious objection"

patient autonomy is not ________; it is a fundamental principle in healthcare but has limitations.

absolute

What capacity is this for autonomy: A patient must have the mental capacity to understand their medical condition and treatment options to make an autonomous decision.

Decision-making capacity

What capacity is this for autonomy: To exercise autonomy, a patient needs to be adequately informed about the risks and benefits of their treatment options.

Informed Consent

What capacity is this for autonomy: In some cases, a patient's autonomous choice could pose a significant risk to others, which may necessitate limitations.

Potential Harm to Others

What capacity is this for autonomy: Sometimes, respecting a patient's autonomy can conflict with other ethical principles like (doing good for the patient).

Ethical Conflicts

What principle of bioethics: Ensuring potential donors fully understand the implications of organ donation and freely choose to donate without coercion. Respecting the wishes of the donor on their family, even if it means not donating organs.

Informed Consent and Autonomy

What issue in organ donation: Developing fair and transparent criteria for distributing organs among potential recipients, considering factors like medical urgency, compatibility, and waiting time.

Allocation of Organs

What issue in organ donation: Protecting vulnerable individuals, such as those with limited decision-making capacity, from potential exploitation in the organ donation process.

Vulnerable Populations

What issue in organ donation: Determining the precise moment of death (brain death) to ensure organs are harvested in a timely and ethically appropriate manner.

Definition of Death

Ethical concerns surrounding the potential for

organ traffcking and exploitation of organs

are bought and sold on the market

Commercialiation of Organs

What principle of bioethics: Blood transfusion refusal due to religious belief.

Autonomy and Custom Beliefs

What principle of bioethics: Medical intervention avoidance due to religious beliefs.

Autonomy and Custom Beliefs

What principle of bioethics: Medication non-adherence among patients with chronic disease.

Autonomy and Custom Beliefs

What principle of bioethics: When people work together in a way that is fair and respectful.

Legitimate Cooperation

What principle of bioethics: Forming a study group to discuss course material.

Legitimate Cooperation

What principle of bioethics: The principle of __________ is cooperating with an evil act in order to prevent a greater evil from occurring.

Legitimate Cooperation

What principle of bioethics: Whenever a decision we're making would help someone else commit a morally reprehensible deed.

Legitimate Cooperation

To have a _______________, it is always unethical to participate in a formal act that is immoral.

well-formed conscience

What type of cooperation

refers to a situation where a healthcare professional knowingly and intentionally participates in an action that is considered morally wrong

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation

actively supporting or facilitating an immoral act by another person.

Formal Cooperation

What example:

A doctor performing an elective abortion.

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation

refers to a situation where a healthcare worker, without directly intending to participate in a morally wrong action, performs an act that nonetheless facilitates or contributes to that action.

Material Cooperation

What type of cooperation

A nurse who is not pro-choice but still prepares instruments for an abortion procedure, even though they do not actively perform the abortion themselves.

Material Cooperation

What type of cooperation: Identified with the evil act.

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation: Direct (do, assist, promote).

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation: Indirect (endorse, condone).

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation: Not identified with the purpose but still there is a cooperation.

Material Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: Is when the cooperator's involvement is only accidental to the wrongdoing. In other words, the cooperation does not contribute to the perpetuation of the evil.

Indirect Material Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: Occurs when the cooperator assists in or contributes to the nonessential circumstance of the immoral act.

Indirect Material Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: Occurs when the cooperator assists in or contributes to the essential circumstance of the immoral act.

Direct Material Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: A case where someone is cooperating, they don't explicitly or implicitly agree with the principle moral or immoral agent, but their actions are indistinguishable overall.

Direct Material Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: Assistance in a slightly less direct way.

Direct Material Cooperation

What type of cooperation: A teenage girl and her boyfriend decide to abort the pregnancy, with both admitting they are not ready to have a baby.

Formal Cooperation

What type of cooperation: A Catholic Filipino nurse works in a hospital where abortion is considered a legal procedure.

Material Cooperation

What type of cooperation: The boyfriend, who agrees with the girl to have an abortion.

Formal Cooperation

What type of material cooperation: The nurse who prepares the equipment and assists the doctor in performing the abortion.

Direct Material Cooperation

What type of cooperation: The guard who works for the hospital that performs the abortion.

Indirect Material Cooperation

To achieve a _____________, one should always judge it unethical to formally cooperate with an immoral act

well-formed conscience