Biology EOC Review

Biology EOC Flashcards

What are the important properties of water for life on Earth?

Water sticks to itself (cohesion), keeps temperatures stable (moderation), expands when it freezes, can dissolve many substances, and has special bonding properties.

What basic molecules do you need to know?

Sugars (carbohydrates), proteins, fats (lipids), and DNA (nucleic acids).

What do enzymes do in reactions?

Enzymes help speed up reactions by lowering the energy needed.

What affects how enzymes work?

The acidity (pH) and temperature.

What are the main parts of plant and animal cells?

Cell wall, cell membrane, jelly-like fluid (cytoplasm), small circles (ribosomes), tail-like structures (flagella), control center (nucleus), and tiny parts for energy (mitochondria), among others.

What goes into photosynthesis and what comes out?

Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide and water to make food (glucose) and oxygen.

What happens in aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

What happens in anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration uses glucose to produce either lactic acid or alcohol and energy (ATP) without oxygen.

How do mutations affect cell growth?

Mutations can mess up the cell cycle, causing uncontrolled growth, which might lead to cancer.

What does mitosis do for new cells?

Mitosis helps make new cells while keeping the same number of chromosomes.

How does DNA replication relate to genetics?

DNA replication helps pass on genetic information from one generation to the next.

How does biotechnology affect us and the environment?

Biotechnology leads to medical and farming advancements, raises ethical questions, and can impact nature.

What do you need for natural selection to happen?

Having many offspring, variations among them, and competition for survival leads to different reproductive success.

What supports the idea of evolution?

Evidence comes from fossils, similarities between species, development stages, geographic distribution, and genetic studies.

What are the main categories of living things?

There are three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, and kingdoms based on cell type and nutrition.

What parts of plants help with their functions?

Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and cones.

What types of plant tissues are there?

Growing tissues (meristematic), supportive tissues (ground), protective tissues (dermal), and transporting tissues (vascular).

What parts do vascular plants have?

Parts include the growing layer (cambium), cell structures (guard cells), food transports (phloem), water transports (xylem), and openings (stomata).

How does matter and energy move in the water and carbon cycles?

In the water cycle, water evaporates, condenses into clouds, and falls as rain. In the carbon cycle, processes like photosynthesis and decay recycle carbon.

What determines how big a population is?

Population size is influenced by births, deaths, immigration, movement out (emigration), and limits in resources.

What changes can occur in an ecosystem?

Ecosystems can change due to seasons, climate shifts, or natural progressions known as succession.

What are the main parts of the brain?

The brain includes parts like the cerebrum, cerebellum, pons, medulla, and different lobes.

What affects blood flow in the body?

Blood flow is affected by blood pressure, amount of blood, resistance, diseases, and exercise.

What does the human immune system do?

It fights infections with specific and general defenses.

How does the immune system respond to vaccines and antibiotics?

Vaccines make the immune system create defenses (antibodies), while antibiotics work against bacterial infections.

What are the male reproductive system parts?

Parts include the seminal vesicle, prostate, vas deferens, urethra, epididymis, scrotum, penis, and testes.

What are the female reproductive system parts?

Parts include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cerv