Physicochemical Properties

What is matter?

Any object that has weight and takes up space

What are the 3 states of matter?

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

Molecules in the solid state are held together by ______?

intermolecular forces

↑ Temperature = (increase/decrease) energy?

increase (disruption of the lattice solids)

What is the triple point of a phase diagram?

point where all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) are in equilibrium

What is the process of freeze drying called?

Sublimation/Lyophilization (solid → gas; no heat applied)

Gas molecules collide with...?

- one another

- wall of container

How does gas exert pressure?

rapid motion of the molecules colliding

1. Volume increase = (increase/decrease) pressure

2. Volume increase = (increase/decrease) temperature

3. Temperature increase = (increase/decrease) pressure

1. decrease

2. increase

3. increase

What is Boyle's Law?

- relationship between volume & pressure

- PV = k

What is Charle's Law?

- relationship between volume & absolute temperature

- V = Tk

What is Gay-Lussac's Law?

- relationship between pressure & absolute temperature

- P = Tk

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

- relationship between pressure, volume, and absolute temperature

- refers to an ideal situation where no intermolecular interactions exist, collisions are perfectly elastic, no energy exchange

- PV = nRT

How would you find molecular weight from Ideal Gas Law?

1. substitute n = weight (g) / molecular weight (M)

2. PV = (g/M)(RT)

3. M = gRT / PV

Cooling a gas leads to a loss of...?

kinetic energy

Applying/Increasing pressure to a gas leads to what?

- turning into a liquid

- interaction increases and encourges Van der Waals interactions

T/F: Presence of Van der Waals forces means liquids are considered denser than gas?

True

Explain Vapor Pressure?

1. liquid is placed at a constant temperature

2. molecules break away from the surface of the liquid

3. pass into gaseous state

What is equilibrium/saturated vapor pressure?

- rate of molecules evaporating from liquid surface equals the rate of molecules condensing back into the liquid

- leads to boiling

- saturated vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure

What are the two types of solids?

1. crystalline

2. amorphous

T/F: Liquids have higher density than solids?

False (solids > liquids due to strongest molecular forces)

What are crystalline solids?

molecules are arranged in a fixed geometrical pattern (lattices; ex. NaCl, ice, diamond)

What are polymorphism?

- Crystalline solid occur in more than one crystal form (ex. albuterol)

- Will have different physical properties (melting point & solubility)

- Same molecule just different crystalline structure

What are amorphous solids?

- molecules are arranged randomly (no lattices)

- also known as super-cooled liquids

- are not physiocochemically stable as crystals

- ex. graphite (amorphous form of diamonds)

Which one would be better if you desire quick onset of action, crystalline or amorphous solids?

amorphous