Sex Hormones - Steroids

Estrogen

Hormone that mediates secondary sex characteristics in females

Progesterone

Hormones that ‘quiet’ uterine activity to make favorable conditions for fetal development. “We have an egg, quiet rest to help egg”

Testosterones

hormone that mediates secondary sex characteristics in males

Estrogen Agonist and uses

Estradiol, hormone replacement in post menopausal women, oral contraceptives

Estrogen Antagonist and uses

Fulvestrant, treatment of estrogen sensitive breast cancer

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) example

Raloxifene

Aromatase inhibitor that prevents estrogen synthesis

Anastrozole

Progestin Agonist and use

Levonorgestrel, oral contraceptive

Progestin Antagonist and use

Mifepristone, Emergency Contraceptive

Testosterone (androgen) agonist and use

Danazol, Replacement therapy

Testosterone (androgen) antagonist and use

Finasteride, Benign prostate hyperplasia

General Sex Hormone MOA

Lipid soluble, use intracellular membrane receptors to get to nucleus, eventually induce DNA transcription.

Testosterone binds what?

Androgen receptor

Estrogen binds what?

Estrogen receptor

Progestin binds what?

Progesterone receptor

Estrogens effect on Periodontium

Increase tissue growth

Example of environmental estrogen in dentistry (also xenoestrogen)

Dental Sealants (contain low amounts)

Compounds that modulate estrogen receptor activity. Demonstrates antagonist and agonist activity.

Xenoestrogen

Use what type of drug for Benign Prostate Hypertrophy

Androgen antagonist

Most oral contraceptives in US are a combination of what?

Ethinyl estradiol and progestin

Constant estrogen and progestin level oral contraceptive

Monophasic

Constant estrogen, varying progestin oral contraceptive

Multiphasic

Antibiotic that could cause pregnancy by decreasing effectiveness of contraceptives

Rifampin

Fluconazole and ketoconozole and grapefruit juice can decrease what?

Metabolism of estrogens