ORUSH final study guide

McCarthyism

the anti communist campaign of the 1950s which accused people of being communists with little evidence. government officials, celebrities, and ordinary people were accused and were faced with aggressive investigations, blacklisting, job losses, and public shaming

public housing

part of the new deal created public housing mainly for middle class white families and some segregated housing for african american families. Priority was given to the “deserving poor”

redlining

a practice where services(particularly mortgages) were denied to integrated, or black neighborhoods causing less African American families to own homes and rely on public housing

how were cold war tensions intensified by McCarthyism and the fear of communism?

Mccarthyism fostered paranoia and aggressive methods to fight communism like investigation, oaths, hearings, and blacklisting. This resulted in widespread fear of communism. Americans were afraid of communism causing economic collapse, influencing the youth, and atomic war

what was the american dream in the 1950s and how did different groups experience this quality of life?

The american dream entered on economic mobility, homeownership, and family. However, this was not the reality for african american families. Redlining practices caused them to be excluded from getting mortgages insured. This meant that it was difficult for african americans to own homes, causing segregation.

How did the vietnam war increase political and social tensions in the U.S.

The vietnam war sparked protest, distrust in the government, and cultural shifts. The casualties and brutality of the war made it appear unwinnable, contributing to protests

What were johnson’s goals of the great society and how do they compare to the new deal?

Both sought to expand the federal government’s role in improving American lives, but while FDR focused on economic recovery, LBJ focused on social justice and poverty reduction. The Great Society built on the foundations of the New Deal but expanded them to address racial inequality, healthcare, and education more directly.

how did the event Woodstock represent a counterculture movement and in what ways did it clash with more conventional ideas of the time period?

Woodstock was a cultural revolution that showcased counterculture and directly opposed conservatism, war supporters, and materialism through music, drug use, and communal living

what is an example of anti communist propaganda in the cold war and what did it imply?

Duck and cover Bert turtle was shown to children. It demonstrates the atmosphere of fear and high alert citizens were under because of the possibility of nuclear war with the soviet union.

What were some reasons for fear of communism?

fear of nuclear war, influencing education, accessing the media

what is the house of unamerican activities community(HUAC)

set up to investigate individuals suspected of disloyalty

what was considered the american dream?

working father, stay at home mom, house in the suburbs, family, nice car, vacations

what was the kitchen debate?

Nixon and khrushchev disagreed on how american products don’t last and so many people don’t have homes.

what is redlining?

the practice of marking off minority communities that are considered too risky for loans or insurance. Home loans were mainly given to white families. Made it difficult for these minorities to buy homes.

public housing

after the great depression, many American families could not afford homes so the government built public housing, mainly for the “deserving” white american families. some public housing were built for african americans but they were always segregated, creating segregation in communities.

who was public housing mainly for?

middle class white famillies, eventually more lower income families and african americans ended up in public housing

why were interstate highways created?

to connect the suburbs, to erase black slums, and keep black and white neighborhoods apart.

why did some people support the vietnam war?

they believed they were fighting communism, preventing future wars, maintaining stability

why did some not support the vietnam war?

the war seemed unwinnable, human costs, and poor military strategy

what happened at kent state

a group of national guardsmen fired into a group of student protesting against the vietnam war killing 4 students

what was the great society?

johnson’s great society involved a set of programs aimed at improving American's everyday lives. for example, civil rights, war on poverty, education, health, the arts, etc.

what is the difference between the new deal and the great society?

the new deal focused on economic recovery while the great society focused on improving the lives of americans

what are some examples of the great society programs?

the civil rights act, voting rights act, war on poverty, higher education act, etc.

what was the woodstock music festival?

a music festival that rejected traditional values, vietnam war,communal living, drug use, political and social expression

how did woodstock reject traditional values

it celebrated freedom, creativity, and noncomformity through drug use, communal living and sharing, and music containing political views, and especially anti-war sentiment.

what did martin Luther king believe about civil disobedience?

he believed in civil disobedience against unjust laws inflicted on minorities

the feminine mystique

written by betty friedan, rebukes the belief that women only find fulfilment from taking care of children and being housewives.

what were the freedom rides

freedom riders rode buses into the south to challenge segregation. They were faced with extreme racism and violence

what were the reverse freedom rides

white segregationists gave free bus tickets to the north and promised them jobs and housing even though it was fake to embarrass them and northern liberals.

what was the chicano movement?

the civil rights movement led by mexican americans to advocate for civil rights education, fair treatment for farmworkers, and cultural pride.

cesar chavez

founder of the national farm workers association, leader of the chicano movement

what was the united farm workers movement do?

through marches, boycotts, and fasts, they gained labor contracts with higher wages and improved working conditions for the chicano movement.

the grape boycott

filipino farm workers demanded higher wages, better working conditions, and better labor contracts

la raza

means the people, celebrates the multiracial and ethnic haritage of latinx people in the united states

murals in the chicano movement

murals were painted in communities to embrace mexican culture, promote unity

watergate scandal

nixon’s supporters broke into the DNC’s headquarters to wiretap the offices and dig up dirt for the reelection campaign

what were some of nixon’s good policies

created the environmental protection agency, the endangered species act, signed Title 9 amendment, ensured desegregation of schools occured peacefully, ended the vietnam war

what was the equal rights amendment

banned discrimination on the basis of sex

title 9 amendment?

declared no person should be excluded from any educational program on the basis of sex.

what did supporters of the equal rights amendment believe?

advocates like margaret heckler emphasized that the era would help combat workplace discrimination and help women achieve social equality.

what did those who opposed the equal rights amendment believe?

that the amendment would dismantle protections shielding women from certain job conditions like lifting weights and limits on hours they also argued that women who worked out of economic necessity would be burdened by the amendment.

what is reganomics

President Ronald Reagan’s economic policies—often called “Reaganomics”—were aimed at reducing inflation, stimulating economic growth, decreasing government spending, and reducing the role of the federal government, and deregulation of industry(reduced government involvement in industry)

critiques to reaganomics

people argued that it only helped the rich, it also increased government spending significantly, and income inequality grew

stagflation

a period of slow economic growth combined with high inflation and unemployment. This was in place when reagan became president, he aimed to fix these issues through reaganomics.

benefits of reaganomics

inflation dropped, unemployment improved, gdp improved

what did tax cuts do?(reaganomics)

gave businesses more money to spend and invest, contributing to economic growth.(mainly to the wealthy though so it increased the income inequality and made the government more in debt)

FISA

foreign intelligence surveillance act, allowed government to place wiretaps to protect national security

war powers debate

controversy over how much the president should have to use military force without congressional approval.

what did supporters of president bush’s actions after 9/11 believe

they believed that broad powers were necessary because of pre-emptive strikes needed to disrupt terrorist acttivity and protect the good of the nation

what did people who rejected president bush’s actions after 9/11 believe?

they believed that FISA let do the erosion of civil liberties and violated the citizens rights and personal freedoms.