SCIENCE EARTH AND SPACE

define a galaxy

a large collection of stars and matter held together by gravity

What is the Steady State Theory about?

the universe is always expanding whilst maintaining its density and creating matter

1st event of the Big bang

the universe begins as extremely small hot and dense

2nd event of the big bang

the universe expands and cools

3rd event of the big bang

protons electrons and neutrons come into existence

4th event of the big bang

atoms appear starting with hydrogen and helium

5th event of the big bang

energy in the form of radiation appears

6th event of the big bang

galaxies form from clouds of gas

7th event of the big bang

our sun forms then the planets around it

8th event of the big bang

Earth develops its atmosphere and life begins

What are the evidences for the big bang

Red shift and cosmic background radiation

What is red shift?

when galaxies and stars appear red because they are moving away from us causing the light wavelengths to lengthen and appear red.

What is cosmic background radiation?

the electromagnetic background radiation leftover from the big bang.

Life cycle of a high mass star

Nebula, protostar, main sequence star, red supergiant, supernova, high mass stars turn into neutron stars and very massive stars turn into black hole

Define black hole

an object with a strong gravitational pull that nothing not even light can escape it.

how did stars and galaxies form since the big bang

when vast clouds of gas and dust collapsed under their own gravitational pull stars were formed

What are the 4 spheres of the earth?

lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere

Describe the lithosphere

the solid, outer part of Earth including the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust.

describe the hydrosphere

includes all water, in all forms on, under and over Earth's surface

describe the atmosphere

It is a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth

Describe the biosphere

is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms

explain the carbon cycle

define gravity

the force of attraction that pulls any 2 objects together in the space

explain the life cycle of a medium-low mass star

nebula, protostar, main sequence star, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf

State the conversion from km to Light years as being an appropriate scale for distances in space

Light travels 9.7 trillion km in a earth year and is the speed at which something becomes visible to us.

what is the big bang theory

the universe began with an infinitely hot and dense single point that inflated to form the expanding universe

what is the square kilometre array.

the worlds largest radio telescope that collects data from the universe