Unit 2 Test: Chapter 6

Skeletal System

Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes.

Abduction

Movement that brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together.

Adduction

A slightly mobile joint.

Amphiarthrosis

Fixation and immobility of a joint.

Ankylosis

All bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton.

Appendicular skeleton

Joint pain.

Arthralgia

Chronic inflammation of the synovial joints.

Arthritis

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from a joint.

Arthrocentesis

Surgical fixation of a joint.

Arthrodesis

Process of recording a joint.

Arthrography

Joint replacement surgery.

Arthroplasty

Process of viewing a joint using an endoscope.

Arthroscopy

Where two bone surfaces meet.

Articulations

Disorders in which the immune system overreacts and begins to attack itself.

Autoimmune diseases/disorders

The central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Axial skeleton

Condition of slow movement.

Bradykinesia

Inflammation of a bursa near a joint.

Bursitis

Burn the skin or flesh of (a wound) with a heated instrument or caustic substance, typically to stop bleeding or prevent the wound from becoming infected

Cauterize

A spreading skin infection, most commonly of the lower leg. It's caused by bacteria entering through a break in the skin.

Cellulitis

Degeneration of cartilage.

Chondromalacia

A condition that lasts a long time with periods of remission and exacerbation.

Chronic

focus on spinal adjustments, nutrition, and preventing injury without the use of pharmaceuticals or surgical procedures

Chiropractor

the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions.

Circumduction

A bruise, an injury where blood vessels are damaged without breaking the skin, causing pain, swelling, and discoloration.

Contusion

An operation in which a piece of the skull is removed.

Craniotomy

The creaking or popping sound that is heard when fractured bones moves against each other

Crepitation

remove damaged tissue or foreign objects from (a wound)

Debride

Downward movement of the scapula and shoulder

Depression

A skin treatment that uses a fast-spinning device to remove the top layer of skin.

Dermabrasion

Inflammation of the skin

Dermatitis

benign skin growths that typically appear as firm nodules on the skin, most commonly on the lower legs, upper arms, or upper back

Dermatofibroma

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous diseases and related systemic diseases

Dermatologist

The medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders

Dermatology

the foot at the ankle joint moves the top of the foot toward the leg

Dorsiflexion

lifts the heel and points the toes

Plantar Flexion

bone mineral density test, is a test to determine osteoporosis by measuring the amount of bone mineral in a particular amount of bone

Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (BMD)

Closes the mandible by rising the lower jaw

Elevation

Freely mobile joints.

Diarthrosis

Excision of the intervertebral disk.

Diskectomy

Inflammation of the intervertebral disk.

Discitis

Abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities, trunk, or jaw.

Dyskinesia

Swelling due to excessive liquid in the tissues.

Edema

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline.

Eversion

surgical procedure used to remove skin growths, lesions, or cancers

Excisional Skin surgery

Movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint).

Extension

challenging disease to diagnose since symptoms manifest differently and are similar to other diseases.

Fibromyalgia

Movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint).

Flexion

A broken bone

Fracture

Describes the decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by a lack of blood supply.

Gangrene

an inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in a joint.

Gout

The production of blood cells.

Hematopoiesis

Inflammation of the sweat glands.

Hidradenitis

Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole.

Hyperkinesia

The enlargement of muscles.

Hypertrophy

to cut into something with a sharp instrument, typically a scalpel or knife, to access internal structures or tissues

Incise

Between the ribs.

Intercostal

a horny growth, especially on the skin.

Keratosis

Foot movement in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline.

Inversion

An excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region; also called humpback.

Kyphosis

a wound produced by the tearing of body tissue, which can affect the skin, muscles, organs, or other soft tissues

Laceration

surgery to remove the back part of a spinal bone, also called a vertebra.

Laminectomy

A wound or injury.

Lesion

Excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; also called swayback.

Lordosis

Pertaining to the lumbar region of the spine (L1 to L5).

Lumbar

Pertaining to the region of the back that includes the lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and nearby structures.

Lumbosacral

A general term for the group of inherited myopathies that are characterized by wasting and weakness of the skeletal muscle.

Muscular dystrophy

a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles

Myasthenia gravis

is a specialist trained to diagnose, treat, and prevent disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Orthopedic Surgeon

Inflammation of bone.

Osteitis

The most common type of arthritis; associated with aging and "wear and tear" of the articular cartilage.

Osteoarthritis

The cell responsible for forming new bone.

Osteoblast

Inflammation of bone and cartilage.

Osteochondritis

Bone cell.

Osteocyte

A softening of adult bones due to Vitamin D deficiency.

Osteomalacia

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow.

Osteomyelitis

Abnormal condition of bone death (lack of blood supply).

Osteonecrosis

Abnormally low bone mass or bone mineral density.

Osteopenia

Abnormal condition of porous bones.

Osteopetrosis

A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation.

Osteoporosis

Malignant tumor of bone.

Osteosarcoma

Pertaining to the pelvis.

Pelvic

a licensed professional who develops individualized treatment plans for their clients.

Physical Therapist

Forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position.

Pronation

the forward projection or movement of a body part, structure, or organ into a position anterior

Protaction

Itching

Pruritus

the act of drawing back or inward, and in medicine, it can describe tissue movement, blood clot behavior, or signs of respiratory distress.

Retraction

an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system overreacts and begins to attack itself.

Rheumatoid arthritis

medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the joints, muscles, and bones.

Rheumatologist

a facelift, a surgical procedure aimed at reducing facial wrinkles and sagging by excising excess skin and tightening underlying structures.

Rhytidoplasty

Movement of a bone around a central axis or around its long axis.

Rotation

a framework of bone or cartilage enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the skeleton of a person's or animal's head

Skull

Formed by the ribs and sternum

Thoracic Cage

Age-related muscle atrophy.

Sarcopenia

Lateral curvature of the spine.

Scoliosis

Inflammation of the joints of the spine.

Spondyloarthritis

A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the vertebra, intervertebral disk, and surrounding soft tissue.

Spondylosis

Forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position.

Supination

An immobile or nearly immobile joint.

Synarthrosis

Excision of the synovial membrane.

Synovectomy

Malignant tumor of the synovial membrane.

Synovial sarcoma