Unit 1 Review

Declaration of Independence

• written by Jefferson

• lists natural rights (by John Locke) and grievances

• natural rights replace “pursuit of happiness” with “property”

• free will/self determination - people need to give consent to being governed

Confederation

A firm league of friendship

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

• gave too much power to the states and not enough for the central government

• no military (Shay’s Rebellion”

• cannot tax states and couldn’t print money

• no executive branch to enforce laws and now court system (only Congress)

Constitution

• associate with social contract and limited government

• we give up some rights so the government can protect us

• limited government - the government can’t do whatever it wants

Popular Sovereignty

the ultimate political authority rests with the people. they can create, change, or abolish the government

• only two exceptions: the Civil War and January 6

Formal change to Popular Sovereignty

• Article 5 states we can call a New Constitutional Convention (change the constitution)

• add or delete Constitutional Amendments (have 27 formally)

Informal change to Popular Sovereignty

• Supreme Court interpretation of laws, customs, and traditions

• creates new laws with court rulings

Federalism

differing levels of government with their own sources of power

• power is shared between national and state governments

dual federalism

2 sources of power

cooperative federalism

federal and state governments work together/share power (but they don’t always get along)

fiscal federalism

federal government gives money to states to do something (enforce a law, build something, etc)

For the national government, power comes from ____. For the state government, power comes from ___. For the local government, power comes from ___.

constitution, state constitution, state constitution

exclusive powers

powers exclusive to the federal government

What are the three kinds of executive powers?

expressed/enumerated, implied, and inherent powers

Expressed/Enumerated powers

• listed powers

• Article 1 Section 8 = Congressional Powers

• Article 2, Section 2 = Executive Powers

• Article 3 = Judicial Powers

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