psych 1130-early childhood

stunting

children who are short for their age

-long term physical and cognitve effects

amneia

iron defciency

-fatigue

-irritablity

-diffculity sustaining attention

-cognitve and social development problems

illness+diseases

-malnurition

-pneumonia, malaria, measles

-childhood vacines

-acess to medical care

what is true about physical development in childhood?

-most children become more like adults in terms of their body propotions

By age 5, most children can easily sit for 10–15 minutes while a story is read aloud, whereas most 3-year-olds would be unable to sit still and pay attention for so long. This is due to the 5-year-olds' _______________ being more fully developed than that in 3-year-olds.

cerebellum

reticular formation

The __________ allows for coordination of activity between the two hemispheres.

corpus callosum

Walter is a 5-year-old boy who lives in the United States. Based on the research, if he has a nutritional problem it is most likely to be __________.

calcium defiency

handedness

show preference for using their right hand

in early childhood

learn to make more hops in a row and to hop on one foot

preoperational stage

perform mental operantions

-follow logical rules

cognitive development theories

1. preoperational stage

2. theory of mind-how children think and thoughts of others

3. cultural learning- knowledge and skills of culture

what are preoperational cognitve mistakes?

-conservation: amount of physical substance is the same when apprence changes

-egocentrism: inability to distinguish between your own perspective and another person’s perspective

-classifaction: objects are part of more than one class group is hard for them to understand

reversiblity and centratian

ability to reverse an action mentally

centration- thinking is centred focused

animism

attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate objects and forces

theory of mind

ability to attribute mental states to self and others and understand that others have beliefs. intentions, and perspectives different from theirs

In Piagetian terms, which of the following is the principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical appearance changes?

conservation

Five-year-old Marco draws a picture of a train with a smiley face and sunglasses. This is an example of __________.

animism

impacts of attending preschool

-verbal and math skills

-socially confident

-stronger menory and comprension

As a parent of a 3-year-old, you have visited several preschool programs to determine the one that will provide the highest quality experience. Which of the following should you look for in the preschool that you choose?

if teachers spend time interacting with children

Preschool in Japan

time for learning social skills

-gaining experience about being a member of a group

early childhood scholars that preschool teaching should be about

-unstructed, hands on experience

sensitive period and fast mapping

when learning new words is easily pronouced

fast mapping-adding new words

grammar

rules of language

Pragmatics

using language when interacting with others

-when to speak

-what to say+ how to say it

-whom to listen to

-interpret which statements

-gestures

grammar

language system for learning rules

Four-year-old Nicco uses infant-directed speech when talking to his neighbor's new baby; this demonstrates __________.

pregmatics

effortful control

-children focud their attention on managing their emotions

undercontrol and overcontrol

undercontrol- developed emotional regulation

overcontrol- excessive degree of emotional regulation

internalizing and externalizing problems

internalizing problems- anxiety and depression

-common in females

externalizing problems- agression and conflict with others

-common in males

socialization

children acquire beheaviors and beliefs of culture they live in

-moral rules and expecations