Unit 5: Nursing Philosophies and Theories

Florence Nightingale

Known as the Founder of Modern Nursing and the Lady with the Lamp (1820–1910); developed the Environmental Theory asserting that environment influences patient health and recovery.

Environmental Theory

Nightingale's theory focusing on manipulating external and internal environmental factors to allow nature to heal the patient.

Five Essential Points of Health of Houses

Nightingale's essential environmental factors: pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light.

Noise (Nightingale's Canon)

Refers to nursing administration, emphasizing silence because a silent hospital assists in patient healing.

Variety (Nightingale's Canon)

The provision of games, books, magazines, and recreational activities for patients in long-term care facilities.

Disease (Nightingale's View)

A reparative process instituted by nature when a person does not attend to health concerns.

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Known as the First Lady of Nursing; developed the Nursing Need Theory emphasizing assisting individuals toward independence in meeting basic needs.

14 Components of Need Theory

Henderson's categorized basic needs encompassing physiological, spiritual and moral, sociological, and psychological health dimensions.

Substitutive Role

One of Henderson's three nursing roles in which the nurse does something directly for the patient.

Supplementary Role

One of Henderson's three nursing roles in which the nurse helps the patient with something.

Complementary Role

One of Henderson's three nursing roles in which the nurse works alongside the patient.

Katie Eriksson

Finnish nursing theorist (1943–2019) who developed the Theory of Caritative Caring, defining caring as love, charity, and compassion.

Caritas

The fundamental motive of caring science and all caring