Respiratory Rhythm and tidal volume

Normal

regular rhythm and adequate chest rise and fall

Shallow

minimal chest rise and fall

Labored

increased work of breathing

Irregular

abnormal breathing pattern

Tidal volume

the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath. Normal volume for an adult is 400 to 500mL

Minute Volume

MV = TV x RR

Normal lung sounds

clear lung sounds in both left and right lungs

(clear and equal bilaterally)

Wheezing

high-pitched whistling sound, typically more noticeable on expiration

Crackles/Rales

wet, crackling sounds, usually on inspiration and expiration

Rhonchi

Low-pitched, congested sounds often due to mucus in the lungs, usually on expiration