Budget and Financing, Monitoring and Evaluation, Plan Making and Implementation

Plan

an adopted statement of policy, in the form of text, amps, and graphics used to guide public and private actions that affect the future

provides decision makers with the information needed to make informed decisions affecting the long-range social, economic, and physical growth

Strategic Planning

a plan for the organization and not for the municipality as a whole

steps:

1. 1. defining your organization’s vision, mission, and values

2. 2. Assess the internal and external environment to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)

3. 3. Determine Critical Focus Areas

4. 4. Set Measurable Goals (SMART goals)

5. 5. Map Out Initiatives and Action Plans: Plan the specific actions, projects, and resources required to achieve the goals. Assign responsibilities, timelines, and budgets to ensure initiatives are executable and aligned with strategic priorities

6. 6. Create and Communicate the Plan: Share the strategic plan across the organization to secure buy-in and alignment. Effective communication ensures that all stakeholders understand their roles and the overall direction, fostering engagement and ownership

7. 7. Execute, Monitor, and Adapt: Implement the plan while continuously tracking performance using key performance indicators (KPIs)

Environmental Scan/Scan the Environment

identify key factors and trends that are important to the future and determine how external forces will influence events

related to strategic planning

Comprehensive Plans/General Plans

a plan that typically encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon. its elements typically address demographics, economic development, transportation, land use, community facilities, public utilities, environmental characteristics/constraints, and recreational opportunities

most plans are a collection of policy statements rather than maps

each element of a comprehensive plan usually contains:

1. 1. a description of existing conditions

2. 2. a statement of goals and objectives

3. 3. a description of future needs and proposals for meeting those needs

Edward Basset

father of zoning

Purpose of the Comprehensive Plan

provide a guide for individual decisions

assure the efficient provision of public services

protect common property resources limit “spillover“ effects (externalities)

facilitate cooperation among competing interests

comply with state mandates

Steps in Plan Making

1. 1. assess community conditions

2. 2. develop goals and ibjectives

3. 3. develop alternatives (collect data, prepare plans)

4. 4. evaluate alternatives

5. 5. implement plan

6. 6. monitor plan process

7. 7. evaluate implementation

District Plan

deals with same subjects as a comprehensive plan. however, it does so in more detail and its geographic scope is limited to only one part of the municipality

System Plans

sets the policies and programs for a specific network of community-wide facilities, such as a sewerage system

Sub-system Plans

detailed engineering plan for a sub-system of a community-wide facility

Site Plans

a plan for a site or specific component of a community-wide facility, such as a sewage treatment plan or library

Arnstein’s Ladder

Oregon Model of Visioning

1. 1. where are we now?

2. 2. where are we going?

3. 3. where do we want to be?

4. 4. how do we get there?

5. 5. are we getting there? (implementation monitoring)

Foresight

starts with the future and reverse-engineers what needs to happen today to achieve the most desirable outcome in the future

Scenario Planning

decision making process, often involving diverse professionals, the public, and other stakeholders

identifies “alternative futures“ based on current reality

“desired future“ is selected, then sets a specific end goal for direction setting

it looks near future

may focus on trends

can be used to understand the interconnectivity or interdependency of various urban and rural systems, anticipate unintended consequences, or educate the public on tradeoffs

it is similar to visioning with multiple assumptions utilized to identify future alternatives

Policy

rule or course of action that indicates how the goals and or objectives of the plan should be realized; should include principles, agreements, laws, regulations, and resolutions

Criteria

measurable dimensions of objectives used to compare how close proposed policy alternaives will come to meeting the goals of solving the problem

Measure

The actual criteria measurements that will be taken of each proposed policy alternative

Zoning

regulatory process that controls the location and intensity of specific land uses

based on the police power, the authority of state/local government to regulate private actions to promote health, safety, and welfare

two events in the 1920s started it: state adoption of the standard state zoning enabling act and the supreme court decision in village of euclid v. ambler realty co.

Zoning Factors Regulated

type of land use

lot size (density)

lot coverage (floor area ratio)

setbacks

building height

parking requirements

landscape requirements

Cumulative Zoning

uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. assumes some land use categories such as residential deserve higher protection than the most intense ones

(pyramid zoning)

Exclusive/Euclidean Zoning

no uses allowed except for those the district was created. this guards against incompatibility