Lesson 3- A History of Global Politics: Creating an International Order

Globalization

encompasses a multitude of connections and interactions that cannot be reduced to the ties between governments.

• Countries that are independent ang govern themselves

• These countries interact with each other through diplomacy

• There are international organizations that facilitate these interaction

• International organizations also take on lives of their own

World politics has four key attributes

nation-state

country is also called ____

Christendom

the entire Christian world

Treaty of Westphalia; 1648; Thirty Years’ War

The origins of the present-day concept of sovereignty can be traced back to the _____, which was a set of agreements signed in ____ to end the ____ between the major continental powers of Europe.

Westphalian System

a system that would avert wars in the future

by recognizing that the treaty signers exercise complete control over

their domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each other’s affairs.

• Catholics

• Protestants

• Holy Roman Empire

• Spain

• France

• Sweden

• Dutch Republic

involved in designing the Westphalian system

Westphalian system

provided stability for the nations of Europe,

Napoleon Bonaparte

challenged the Westphalian system

Napoleon Bonaparte

believed in spreading the principles of the French

Revolution-liberty, equality, and fraternity to the rest of Europe and thus

challenged the power of kings, nobility, and religion in Europe.

Napoleonic Code

In every country they conquered, the French implemented the _____ that forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom or religion, and promoted meritocracy in government service.

Anglo and Prussian Armies

defeated Napoleon

Battle of Waterloo in 1815

When and where was Napoleon defeated

Concert of Europe

alliance of great powers that sought to restore the world of monarchical, hereditary, and religious privileges of the time before the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

• United Kingdon

• Austria

• Russia

• Prussia

countries of the Concert of Europe

Metternich system

conservative, international order established after the Napoleonic Wars, to suppress liberalism, nationalism, and other revolutionary ideas in Europe.

Klemens von Metternich

Austrian diplomat who was the Metternich system’s main architect; architect of the Concert of Europe

State

refers to a country and its government

• It exercises authority over a specific population, called its citizens

• It governs a specific territory

• Has a structure of government that crafts various rules that people (society) follow

• Most crucial, the state has sovereignty over its territory

Four attributes of a state

Sovereignty

Internal authority, no individuals of groups can operate in a given national territory by ignoring the state

Sovereignty

means that a state’s policies and procedures are independent of the interventions of other states

Nation

is an imagined community; limitied because it does not go beyond a given offician boundary

Benedict Anderson

said the nation is an imagined community

Sovereignty

one of the fundamental principle of modern state policies

Internationalism

system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states,

particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states

and peoples.

Immanuel Kant

First major thinker of liberal internationalism

liberal internationalism

establish a continuously growing state consisting of various nations

which will ultimately include the nations of the world.

Guissepe Mazzini

The first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal internationalism

was the 19th century Italian patriot _____

Guissepe Mazzini

advocate of the unification of the Various Italian-speaking mini-

states and a major critic of the Metternich system.

nationalist internationalist

Mazzini was a _____, who

believes that free, unified nation-states should be the basis of global

cooperation.

US President Woodrow Wilson

Mazzini influenced the thinking of ____ who became one of the 20th century’s most prominent internationalist

Self-determination

the belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free, and sovereign government

US President Woodrow Wilson

saw nationalism as a prerequisite

for internationalism. Because of his faith in nationalism, he forwarded

the principle of self- determination

League of Nations

Wilson became the most notable advocate for the creation of _____

Nobel Peace Prize

What was Wilson awarded with in 1919

Karl Marx

One of Mazzini’s biggest critics was German socialist philosopher ____ who was an internationalist but did not believe in nationalism

Capitalist class

referred to the owners of factories, companies, and other means of production.

Proletariat class

included those who did not own the means of priduction but worked for the capitalists

Friedrich Engels

Marx’s co-author

Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains.

famous proletariat battle cry

Socialist International (SI)

was a union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889.

• May 1 as Labor Day

• International Women’s day

• 8-hour workday

SI’s achievements

Russian Revolution of 1917

When was Czar Nicholas II overthrown?

Czar Nicholas II

Who was overthrown in the Russian Revolution

Bolshevik Party

the revolutionary government that led the Russian Revolution

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik Party

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

New state after the Russian Revolution

Communist parties

the Bolsheviks did not believe in obtaining power for the

working class through elections. Rather, they exhorted the revolutionary

"vanguard" parties to lead the revolutions across the world, using

methods of terror if necessary. Today, parties like this are referred to as ____

Vladimir Lenin

Russian revolutionary founded the Comintern to spread

socialist revolutions across the world.

Communist International (Comintern)

served as the central body for directing Communist parties

all over the world.

Communist International (Comintern)

more radical than SI, less democratic because it followed closely the top-down governance of the Bolsheviks

Allied Powers

Soviet Union joined the ____ in 1941

Joseph Stalin

Lenin’s successor that dissolved the Comintern in 1943

Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)

After the war, Stalin re-established the Comintern as the ____