Neuroscience 1 (copy)

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Neuroscience

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48 Terms

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Central nervous system

consists of the brain and spinal cord

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Peripheral nervous system

A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.

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superior colliculus

receives visual sensory input

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Inferior colliculus

auditory reflexes

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enteric nervous system

the nervous system of the digestive tract

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temporal cortex

Brain region that processes information about sound and is involved in consciously remembering past events, and for facial recognition.

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parietal cortex

Provides higher levels of sensory information, such as map of the external world, that is important for planning and carrying out movements; spatial reasoning and processing sensations

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frontal cortex

The front part of the cortex of the brain. Divided left and right into the two frontal lobes, this part of the brain is associated with cognitive functioning such as planning, foresight, and understanding.

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ventral tegmental area

stimulates amygdala for pleasure and reward center

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olfactory bulb

the brain center for smell, located below the frontal lobes

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Hippocampus

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

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Limbic System: Amygdala

controls emotion

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Pons

sleep and arousal

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Medulla

controls heartbeat and breathing

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Amygdala

A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression.

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parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

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Occipital cortex

Brain region that processes visual information.

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Cerebellum

Balance and coordination

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sympathetic nervous system

fight or flight

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Hypothalamus

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

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Thalamus

the brain's sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

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Sensation

the detection of environmental stimuli

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Perception

awareness of what we sense

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Functional pathway

Sensory receptors, thalamus, primary sensory cortex

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Sensory receptor cells

sensation through transduction

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Thalamus

relay that can modulate attention

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Primary Sensory Cortex

perception

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Primary Sensory Cortex

sends information on to “association cortex”

Basis for cognition

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Sound

pressure waves in the air

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Sensory receptor cell for auditory system

Hair cells

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Frequency

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Intensity

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Outer ear

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Middle ear

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Inner ear

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Pinna

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Auditory canal

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Ossicles

Three bones in the ear: stapes malleus, incus

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Tympanic membrane

Ear drum connected to ossicles

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Oval window

Section of the cochlea that connects to ossicles or the stapes

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Cochlea

Snail shell shaped part of the inner ear

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Primary auditory cortex

Located in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum

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Association cortices

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