Chem Things to Know for First Quiz

H

Hydrogen

He

Helium

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

B

Boron

C

Carbon

N

Nitrogen

O

Oxygen

F

Fluorine

Ne

Neon

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminum

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorous

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

Ar

Argon

K

Potassium

Ca

Calcium

Pure substance only consiting of one type of atom (i.e. He)

Element

Pure substance consisting of more than one type of atom (i.e. H2O)

Compound

Composed of one or more pure substance

Mixture

Compound that can be broken down and smallest molecules (not atoms) still consist of more than one type of atom

Molecular compound

Elements that exist as small molecules consisting of one type of atom

Molecular element

Which of these is a non-molecular compound?

NaCl

Change where no chemical reaction is occurring (e.g. filtration, distillation, sublimation…anything that can be reversed)

Physical change

Change where bonds between atoms are broken or created or both (e.g. iron rusting, wood burning, baking a cake…anything that permanently alters substance/changes its chemical makeup)

Chemical change

Mixture in which any small sample taken out of it would be identical to another small sample (“same throughout”)

Homogenous mixture

Mixture in which any small sample taken through would NOT be identical to another (“different throughout”)

Heterogenous mixture

Solid particles suspended in a liquid are separated when the mixture is passed through filter paper

Filtration

Mixture is heated and the more volatile components evaporate more readily. When the vapor condenses it’s found to be richer in the more volatile component (i.e. water and ethanol)

Distillation

The total mass of materials present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass before the reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass

A pure compound has a “constant composition,” Meaning it is the same regardless of source, manner of preparation (A given compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass)

Law of Definite Composition

When two elements form a series of compounds, the masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram (or any set amount) of the first element are always in a small whole number ratio

Law of Multiple Proportions