Grade 12 INFT Theory Booklet

Access Modifiers

Keywords used in object-oriented programming to define the accessibility or visibility of classes, methods, and variables. They control how different parts of a program can interact with each other. Common access modifiers include

• Public: Allows the member to be accessed from any other code in the program.

• Private: Restricts access to the member to the class it is declared in. • Protected: Allows access within its own class and by derived (sub)classes

Address Bus

A computer bus that is used to specify a physical address where data is to be read or written.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

A type of DSL broadband communications technology used for connecting to the internet, characterized by higher download speeds compared to upload speeds.

Advantage of HDD

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) offer larger storage capacities at a lower cost compared to Solid State Drives (SSDs), making them suitable for storing large amounts of data, such as media files and backups.

Advantage of SSD

Solid State Drives (SSDs) offer faster data access and read/write speeds, lower power consumption, better durability (no moving parts), and quieter operation compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs).

Advantages and Uses of VPN

VPNs provide secure data transmission over public networks, protect user privacy by masking IP addresses, allow access to geographically restricted content, and provide anonymity by encrypting internet traffic

Advantages of a Network

Networks enable resource sharing (like printers and files), centralized management, communication (email, messaging), collaboration, scalability, data backup, and remote access.

Advantages of Cloud Computing for Small Business

Cloud computing offers cost savings (pay-as-you-go), scalability (resources can be adjusted as needed), flexibility (access from anywhere), and reduced need for in-house IT management and infrastructure

Advantages of IPv6

IPv6 offers a vastly larger address space, improved security with built-in IPsec, more efficient routing, better support for mobile networks, and simplified address configuration compared to IPv4.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

A component of a CPU responsible for performing basic arithmetic operations (such as addition, subtraction) and logic operations (such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT) on integer data types. The ALU handles operations on fixed-point numbers (integers) and executes simple, low-level mathematical and logical tasks essential for most generalpurpose computing processes. Unlike the FPU, the ALU is not specifically optimized for floating-point arithmetic

Anti-Virus

Software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malware, such as viruses, worms, and trojans, from a computer or network.

Assembler

A program that converts assembly language into machine code that the computer's CPU can execute.

Attenuation

The gradual loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium, such as a cable or wireless transmission.

Backbone

The primary infrastructure of a network, often composed of high-capacity routers and links, that carries the bulk of data traffic between different sub-networks or regions.

Backup

A copy of data stored separately from the original to prevent data loss in case of failure or corruption

Backup Devices

Devices used to store backups, such as external hard drives, USB drives, networkattached storage (NAS), and cloud storage