Studied by 12 peopleRobert Hooke
coined the term "cell"
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Looked at pond water and saw bacteria!
Cell
Basic unit of life
Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
concluded that all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
concluded that new cells could be produced only from the division of existing cells
cell theory
All living organisms are composed of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
scanning electron microscope
Microscopes that produces a 3D images.
Cell Membrane
thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and is the control center.
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. "Little Organs"
Chromosomes
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Chromatin
A complex of DNA bound to proteins.
Nucleolus
Assembly of ribosomes begins.
Vacuole
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Vesicles
store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes and breaks materials down for the cell.
Centrioles
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Involved in the synthesis of proteins. Has ribosomes on its surface.
free ribosomes
Ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm.
fixed ribosomes
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
creates lipids or fat and aids in the detoxification of drugs and alcohol.
Golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
Mitochondria
Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use. Creates ATP.
cell wall
Only found in plant cells. Provides another layer of protection for the cell.
Hydrophilic
water loving
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Isotonic
Concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell.
Hypertonic
When the solution has a higher concentration of solute then the cell.
Hypotonic
The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell.
osomotic pressure
The movement of water into or out of a cell produces this force.
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
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