HERITAGE TOURISM L1 REVIEWER

Heritage

is the full range of inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and cultures. Most importantly, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings, and behaviors that we draw from them. It includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating, displaying, or restoring a collection of old things. It is both tangible and intangible, in the sense that ideas and memories of songs, recipes, language, dances, and many other elements of who we are and how we identify ourselves are as important as historical buildings and archaeological sites. is, or should be, the subject of public reflection, debate, and discussion.

agta, ati, ita, negrito, pampanga, zambales, bataas, nueva ecija, tarlac, panay island

In the Philippines, the Aeta culture is rapidly vanishing due to the modernization of the countryside. The Aetas also known as ____ the aborigines of the Philippines, are mostly found in the highlands of ____

torres strait islanders

In contrast, Australia is aggressively preserving the culture of its over 400 groups of identified aboriginal Australians also collectively called_ through legislation and government programs.

culture

refers broadly to the social heritage of a group (organized community or society). It is a pattern of responses discovered, developed, or invented during the group's history of handling problems that arise from interactions among its members and between them and their environment. These responses are considered the correct way to perceive, feel, think, and act and are passed on to the next generation of members through immersion and teaching. It determines what is acceptable and unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong, workable or unworkable. It encompasses all learned and shared explicit or tacit assumptions, beliefs, knowledge, norms, and values, as well as attitudes, behavior, dress, and language.

Bhutan

promotes modern education to provide for its economic needs whilst at the same time ensuring that its unique Buddhist culture and values system are preserved through traditional monastic education.

Bhutanese

they were, at one time, named the happiest people on the planet.

Anthropology

is the study of humans, human behaviors and societies in the past and present.

Heritage tourism

is a branch of tourism oriented toward the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring. It pertains to traveling to experience the places, artifacts, and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past.

diaspora tourism

Heritage tourism also called ____ can include cultural, historic, and natural resources.

World Heritage Site

is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific, or other forms of significance and is legally protected by international treaties. The sites are judged important to the collective interests of humanity. To be selected, It must be an already classified landmark, unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable place having special cultural or physical significance (such as an ancient ruin or historical structure, building, city, complex, desert, forest, island, lake, monument, mountain, or wilderness area. It may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of intellectual history on the planet.

United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization

what does UNESCO mean

instills and reinforces national identity, generates awareness to other people, educates the tourists, generates economic vitality, leverages human capital, restores and revitalized a geographic attraction gets attention and the government and private sectors introduce efforts to preserve them for future generations to experience and enjoy, expands business and tax revenue, creates an innovative habitat, creates a sense of price and belonging by residents

what are the relevance and essence of heritage tourism

Instills and reinforces national identity

People get to understand better who they are and how their ancestors lived. For example, the monarchy of the United Kingdom led by Queen Elizabeth Il makes the British more attached to their heritage.

Generates awareness to other people

Through heritage tourism, people become more appreciative and tolerant of other nationalities. Ordering sushi and sashimi has been growing in popularity worldwide and is a sign of the acceptance of exotic Japanese cuisine.

Educates the tourists

Heritage tourism is the best way to learn about other cultures and pick up some lessons along the way. A trip to Cambodia's notorious Choeung Ek Killing Fields reminds tourists of the ills of a violent political regime and dictatorial leadership.

Generates economic vitality

In promoting cultural attractions, tourists create jobs, raise the household income per capita, and generate business activities. The environs of the Grand Palace in Bangkok are teeming with enterprising Thais who have increased the household income from the wares sold to hordes of tourists who flock to the historic site daily.

Leverages human capital

Heritage tourism raises the productivity of the population, particularly those employed by tourism establishments. For example, one may enjoy Irish music courtesy of local costumed singers, dancers, and kilted pipers while sipping a glass of fine wine and meal during a traditional banquet at the medieval Bunratty Castle in Ireland reenacting the crowning of Earl and Lady of Thomond truly a feast for the senses.

Restores and revitalizes a geographic attraction gets attention, and the government and private sectors introduce efforts to preserve them for future generations to experience and enjoy

Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, famous for its baroque architecture, was damaged during the 1865 and 1885 earthquakes but was later restored in the 1970s by then First Lady Imelda Marcos.

Expands business and tax revenue

Heritage tourism raises the GDP, as well as taxes collected by the government. Casinos of Macau, mostly owned by billionaire trailblazer Stanley Ho, keeps the economy of the autonomous Chinese region alive, and the local gaming industry brings in more than half of total taxes collected each year.

Creates an innovative habitat

Heritage tourism attracts knowledge based workers. A northern countryside excursion to Volendam and Marken in the Netherlands showcases the contrasts between the twin fishing villages in terms of the demeanor of the folks, beliefs, traditions, costumes, crafts, etc.

Creates a sense of pride and belonging by residents

Communities begin to espouse a good sense of ownership for the sites; hence, they take the initiative to preserve them. The locals living around the Temple of the Tooth Relic in Kandy, Sri Lanka perform rituals three times daily. They also perform weekly symbolic bathing of the relic of the tooth of Buddha with an herbal preparation made from holy waters comprised of scented water and fragrant flowers, which are believed to have healing powers.

landmarks monuments historical sites, literature and folklore, music and dances, religion and spiritual beliefs, language, dialect and communication system, arts and crafts, relics artifacts and antiquities, sports and games, customs traditions and ways of life, livelihood and industries, festivals, heroes and important personalities, cuisine and beverages, genealogy, biodiversity flora and fauna, parks and garden, technology and transportation

components of heritage tourism

Landmarks, monuments, and historical sites

Tourists marvel at the beauty of their architecture or historical value. Examples are the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France; Fort Santiago in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines; and the Pyramids of Giza, Egypt.

Literature and folklore

These pertain to mythology, epics, legends, poetry, novels, theater, riddles and the likes Examples are Hamlet, a masterpiece by English playwright William Shakespeare; Si Malakas at Maganda, a Philippine legend on the origin of the first man and woman; and Beowulf, a mythological character from Sweden.

Music and dances

Regarded as a universal language, music, as well as dance, easily captivates tourists. Reggae music is Jamaica's contribution to the world; flamenco is an engaging dance from Spain; and sitar is an Indian musical instrument with a distinct sound.

Religion and spiritual beliefs

This type of heritage tourism pertains to pilgrimages, religious rites and holidays, visits to religious sites and attractions, and evangelical tours of religious leaders. Some examples are the Hajj pilgrimage of the Muslims to Mecca in Saudi Arabia; a walking tour of the Vatican in Italy hoping to take a glimpse of the Pope; and a visit to the Sacred Garden, believed to be the birthplace of Buddha in Lumbini, Nepal.

Language, dialects, and communication system

This type of heritage tourism is growing in popularity because it helps people get jobs and business deals and aids in forging bonds or relationships. Oftentimes, these are also manifested in literature, music, rituals, and artifacts. For example, many Koreans come to enroll in colleges and universities in Manila, Philippines to learn English; the United Arab Emirates is a melting pot of races as it is host to 7.8 million expatriates (or 85% of the total population), most are conversant in basic Arabic; and Navajo is the most commonly spoken dialect by native American Indians which is also taught in schools in the United States, used in broadcasting the Superbowl, and subtitled in films like Star Wars.

Arts and crafts

These include paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, films, performing arts, handicrafts, costumes and fashion, and even hieroglyphics. Examples of these are the paleolitic cave paintings in Lascaux, France that depict the life of prehistoric men and have drawn many tourists; 15 the irresistible Pysanka, the hand decorated Easter egg with traditional designs from Ukraine, which have become a favorite souvenir by tourists; and Rembrandt's Night Watch, the most famous painting in the Rijksmuseum collection in Amsterdam, Netherlands."

 

Relics, artifacts, and antiquities

This form heritage tourism deals with ancient history depicting the origins of a particular country or tribe through literature, objects, and structures. Examples are Stonehenge, a prehistoric ring of standing stones in Witshire, England believed to have been constructed between 3000 B.C. and 2000 B.C.; legacies of the Han Dynasty of China, which include rigid taxation system, large trade and agricultural monopolies, and drivers that led to the construction of the Great Wall of China and the development of the Silkroad route; and the Tomb of Tutankhamun, an Egyptian Pharaoh who was allegedly cursed condemning disturbance of the dead.

Sports and games

These include traditional or indigenous games to contemporary sports which are both either played in communities or in large sporting events. Examples are rodeo, a competitive sport that arose from the cattle herding practices in Spain, Mexico and the United States; the dragon boat race, which is a team paddling sport that originated in China's Guangdong Province and is now popularized as an international sporting event notably in Hong Kong since 1976; and Naadam, a traditional midsummer sports festival in Mongolia with three main events-wrestling; horseracing, and archery.

Customs, traditions, and ways of life

These include rituals, values, habits, and norms of a society such as wedding, burial, adulting, dining, child rearing, schooling, relaxation, courtship, bathing, meditation, buying and selling, welcoming and send-off, traveling, body ornaments and painting, household, and conversation practices. Examples are the Hanging Coffins of Sagada in Mountain Province, Philippines which depict how Igorot tribes bury their dead on the side of the mountains; Quinceañera, a celebration of a girl's 15th birthday, which is a popular tradition in Mexico, Central and South America; and the crying ladies hired by Chinese families as professional wailers during funeral wakes.

Livelihood and industries

This form of heritage tourism highlights the means of livelihood of communities in various regions and the interesting traditions practiced. For example, a one day tour of Medellin, a coffee-producing region in Colombia, allows tourists to view the breathtaking scenery of the plantations from a cable car that takes them to the mountain summit to dine in an authentic Antiquian restaurant; the floating market in Bangkok, Thailand creates a novel experience for tourists; and the cheese making in the Netherlands is another crowd-drawing cottage industry.

Festivals

Festivals around the world are so diverse as they can be based on religion, art, livelihood, music, sports, literature, or personalities. In many countries, some festivals are also declared as public holidays. Prominent examples are the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil held annually at the Sambadrome;the rowdy La Tomatina Festival in Buñol, Valencia, Spain held every August wherein tens of thousands of revelers engage in a harmless tomato fight; and the famous Sinulog Festival in Cebu, a tribute to the baby Jesus image popularly known as Santo Niño in the Philippines, with groups of participants dancing in the streets in colorful costumes.

Heroes and important personalities

Tourists want to know more about the lives and contributions to society of prominent historical figures like war heroes, literary and professional icons, political and religious leaders, artists, sports celebrities, and the like. For example, Jose Rizal's birthplace, also called the Rizal Shrine, in Calamba, Laguna is frequented by tourists mainly students as his life is a full blown course in grades school until college in the Philippines; the Lincoln monument in Washington, D.C. is a popular tourist attraction in the US; and the Krakow factory of Oskar Schindler, the German industrialist who saved 1,000 Jews from Hitler's gas chambers, has been made a popular museum in Poland as a painful reminder of the holocaust during World War 1.

Cuisine and beverages

Food and drinks or culinary delights fascinate tourists that many places have become known for their distinct gustatory offerings from banquets, specialty restaurants, fastfood outlets, pubs and bars, to the humble street food mobile kiosks. Interesting examples are the exciting balut (duck egg with one-day-old chick) sold in the streets of Manila typically served with salt and spiced vinegar for tourists with exotic tastes; the Napa Valley Museum, which features a rich history of the region best known for producing the best wines in the US; and the khoriatiki salad (popularly known as Greek salad), which is a regular fare in Mediterranean coastal resorts in Greece.

 

Genealogy

This refers to the pursuit of tracing a persons family history. kinship, or lineage. People coming from a multiracial background feel the need to visit the countries of their ancestors as it gives them a sense of self satisfaction in accurate storytelling. Some even decide eventually to settle in the visited country. Philippine President Corazon Aquino visited her roots in Hongjian village in Xiamen, China in 1988 and planted a tree that was believed to have foretold the rise of power of his son in 2010. British and rish families traditionally have distinct family crests or coat of arms, i.e., usually mounted in their living or reception rooms or at the gates of their homes, that symbolize the values, struggles, and aspirations of their ancestors. Beauty queen Cationa Gray, who was born and grew up in Australia, decided to travel to trace her roots and eventually migrate to the Philippines when she turned 18.

Biodiversity, flora, and fauna

There are some plants and animals that are indigenous to a country or region, and they have become part of the culture, livelihood, and way of life of the locals. Tourists come to experience sightseeing and even possibly interacting with nature. The very exclusive Amanpulo Resort in Palawan, Philippines offers one of the best snorkeling and diving sites, and it also has an ongoing sea turtle conservation project. Kenya has 1,034 safari tour packages offered by 345 tour operators, and tourists are left mesmerized by the awesome sights of wild animals in their natural habitat. Barely four inches in height, the tarsier is known as the smallest monkey in the world and is endemic only to the province of Bohol in the Philippines.

Parks and gardens

These include all kinds of parks and gardens developed and cultivated by local communities, landscape artists, real estate developers, and horticulturists. These parks and gardens may have been built for a variety of purposes like meditation, walking and running, or even for amusement, adventure, exhibitions, and concerts. Examples of this form of heritage sites are the Monet's Garden in Giverny, France; Central Park in New York in the US; and the iconic Disneyland in Hong Kong.

Technology and transportation

These include vehicles, tools, weapons, equipment, inventions, and gadgets used by people in a particular country or community at specific periods of history. Examples of this form of heritage are the cable car system of San Francisco City in the US; the MIT Museum in Boston, Massachusetts also in the US; and the Vikings Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway.

Biblical episodes

There are so many indications of the presence of heritage tourism in the Bible such as the constant wandering of the Israelites in the desert and wilderness during the Exodus, the conquests of the pharaohs, the elaborate burial of pharaohs, the rampant slavery across territories, the murder of prophets, the rituals in synagogues, etc.

Barter trade

This started with the Mesopotamian tribes and the Phoenicians in 6000 B.C. People traveled long distances to exchange goods from other regions until money was invented later on by the Lydians in 610 B.C.

Silk Road route

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes, both land and sea, connecting Asia, Middle East, and South Europe which for centuries was central to cultural interaction between them. Its name was derived from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length through caravans, beginning in the Han dynasty (207 B.C.).

Grand Tour

This refers to the 17th and 18th century custom of a traditional trip to Europe undertaken by mainly upper class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a chaperone, such as a family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old). This allowed the tourists to experience difficult cultures in one long journey The Olympiad. The first Olympic Games in Athens paved the way for multicultural understanding through sports. This tradition has been carried out through the present modern times.

Royal intermarriages

The monarchies and elites around the world ensured that their vast wealth was sustained through the centuries. One remarkable woman, Catherine de Medici of Italy, married King Henry and paved the way for numerous contributions in the culinary world.

Colonization and the conquistadores

From medieval times until the early part of the 20th century, powerful nations conquered and colonized underdeveloped countries in their quest for territorial expansion. Natives were indoctrinated with new cultures and religions.

Pilgrimages

Every great religion on earth has its own distinct set of religious pilgrimages (sometimes referred to as festivals) characterized by an organized convergence of devotees to holy places such as Mecca and Medinah in Saudi Arabia for the Muslims; Jerusalem in Israel, Fatima in France, and Medjugorje in Croatia for Christians; Varanasi, Mathura and Vrindavana in India for the Hindus; and Lumbini in Nepal, Kandy in Sri Lanka, Siem Reap in Cambodia, and others.

Touring scholars and students

At present, schools encourage young people to travel and experience other cultures by way of their field trips or educational tours. Some pursue research studies on culture and heritage.

Migrant workers

The past five decades saw a surge of workers particularly from developing and underdeveloped countries seeking employment in the US, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Middle East, and Europe. Some eventually convert their residency to citizenship in their newfound land of milk and honey. This phenomenon gave further rise to interracial marriages, making genealogy more interesting. Overseas Filipino workers have become a familiar sight in many countries, e.g., the nurses in the US, the IT specialists in Singapore, the construction workers in Saudi Arabia, the domestic helpers in Hong Kong, the hotel workers in Macau, etc.

Touring artists

Since the 1980s, numerous music artists have held concerts abroad, popular theatrical productions are shown in major cities, and art and craft exhibits have gone on a world tour. These paved way to the introduction of western influences in more traditional cultures. The likes of Madonna, Michael Jackson, Beyonce, U2, Britney Spears, as well as the productions of Miss Saigon, Les Miserables, and The Lion King became instant big hits with sold out tickets in all venues

Refugees seeking asylum

Due to the displacement of a large portion of the population in conflict areas, many refugees were temporarily accommodated by a benevolent governments until their citizenship documents have been processed in their final destination countries. This paved way to the introduction of greater diversity in many host countries. Examples are the boat people of Vietnam, the gypsies known as Roma of the former kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the persecuted Syrian refugees.

biblical episodes, barter trade, silk road route, grand tour, royal intermarriages, colonization and conquistadores, pilgrimages, touring scholars and students migrant workers, touring artist, refugees seeking asylum

what are the development of heritage tourism