Paper 2 Critics

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21 Terms

1
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Seeta Chaganti, inscribed objects

‘the paradigmatic experience of written language for most people in early medieval England’

2
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Seeta Chaganti, contemporary readings

‘we cannot read the poem or the poetic tradition without considering runes, ritual, stone, and metal.’

3
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Seeta Chaganti, 3 versions of Dream

‘containing vestiges of one another, each existing both inside and outside the time of the others’

4
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Emily Thornbury, 3 versions of Dream

not forced to choose a ‘real’ version, instead each distinctive instance expands the poem’s capacity for meaning

5
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Emily Thornbury, succession

‘For each person, the real poem would have been the emergent knowledge produced by a succession of encounters’

6
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Emily Thornbury, Brussels Cross prosopopoeia

‘words and object give each other meaning’

7
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Christopher Cannon, if the body contains something

‘every person lives in an enclosure’

8
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Christopher Cannon, very fragile

distinction between inside and outside

9
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Christopher Cannon, Ancrene Wisse mixing of inner and outer temptations in Book 4

the author ‘finds the boundaries of the body impossible to maintain’

10
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Christopher Cannon, anchoritic devotion

‘recognizes that the body is a construct in its very demand for enclosure’

11
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Christopher Cannon, enclosure as a tool

‘for securing that body’s imaginative boundaries’

12
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Ruth Evans, misogynistic view of women

as dirt - virginity’s obsession with purity linked to clerical anxieties about pollution

13
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Ruth Evans, virginity as a battle

‘a war against the flesh that they overcome through virtue’

14
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Ruth Evans, Ancrene Wisse fragile vessel/liquid metaphor

struggles to maintain inner/outer boundary, ‘liquidity suggests a problematic overflowing rather than the potential for containment’

15
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Robert E. Bjork, exile as a societal tradition

clung to to affirm the Anglo-Saxon world

16
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Robert E. Bjork, wise man sitting ‘sundor aet rune’

deliberately rejecting the entire social structure that has given rise to his pain

17
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Robert E. Bjork, psychological

The Wanderer has to do with the mind or processes of mind

18
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Mitchell and Robinson, land and flesh parallel

seafarer renouncing the pleasures of life on land analogous with devout Christian renouncing the pleasures of the flesh

19
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James Naz (drawing on Sarah Kay), symbolic materiality of parchments

stitched wounds, unstitched worm holes, treelike veins - violent processes to make parchment linked to tortures endured by protagonists

20
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James Naz, thingness/thing-power

‘thing-power’ of Ruthwell cross means it resists easy unification with the poem

21
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Leonard Neidor, multiple authorship

questions of authorship should be disentangled from questions of literary merit