AP US history U4

Election of 1800

After president John Adams, a Federalist, lost to Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republic. It led to party animosity to be high. 

However John Adams gets a lot of credit for leaving office peacefully. He was the first to ever lose an election so this was the first time a person , who held power and wanted to continue, would peacefully step down to the wishes of the people. 

Moreover, Jefferson's win was considered to be a “Revolution” by his followers. As it would allow individuals to take back their government from big banks & big business elites. 

Therefore his try to implement his policy would lead to future policy debates over it in the early republic.

Federalist beliefs

They believed politics should be conducted by small groups of wealthy, highly educated men.

They believed the federal government should be powerful to protect our union.

They believed to keep the Tariff high to protect business.

They wants to emulate British in the foreign policy.

Democratic-Republicans

They believed all landowning men, not matter how small a farm or lack of education, deserves to have a voice in politics.

They believed that state rights are the most important for the federal government to prioritize.

They still had a deep distrust of a ll things British for foreign policy.

Impact on Checks and balances on Thomas Jefferson policy implemention.

Jefferson did come through on some Democratic-Republican goals, as he acted to pardon all imprisoned by the Sedition Act.

he cut government spending by cutting government employees and slashed taxes (included the Whiskey Tax).

He also shrunk the Young arm and navy, but because of checks and balances he couldn't do everything he wanted.

Chief justice John Marshall impact on Jefferson and the Supreme court.

What prohibited Thomas Jefferson from implementing all of his policy changes would be Chief justice Jon Marshall, and he acted to make the Supreme Court very powerful.

The constitution doesn’t specific that the Supreme court has the right to declare a law unconstitutional. Marshall was the judge who actually declared that the court had that power.

Marbury V. Madison

This would be an effect of policy debates in the early republic due to Thomas Jefferson policy implementations.

This is a court case in Which Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that federal laws ruled over local and state laws. This threw out Jefferson old theory that states could nullify federal laws.

The Federal government has power over states and the Supreme Court is the final judge in any disputes. This is known as the primary of the judiciary.

This case also established the power of Judaical review.

The primacy of the judiciary

This means that the Supreme Court is in charge of determining the meaning of the constitution.

Louisiana purchase

After the formerly enslaved people of Haiti defeated the Napoleon armies the haitition revolution was over and France finally gave up on its dream of being an American power. Therefore they decided to sell their landmass called Louisiana.

However the Constitution doesn't give the President power to make land purchases. However despite Jefferson being a democratic republic, he took the deal. And purchased half the continent for 15 million dollars.

How people of color life changed with the Lousiana purchase

Almost all of the ½ billion acres were made of American Indian Nations. Black men and women under Spanish slavery had more freedoms as they could go to court in rape cases and commonly bought their own freedome.

This would stop under new American rule. Free black men in the region lived as near equals to Spanish and French men but would also lose these rights under American rule.

Lewis and Clark

Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark out to explore the new territory. They hoped to find a water route to Asia, but thanks to American Indian guide Sacagawea, they made it to the Pacific Ocean.

The Lewis and Clark/Scaagwea Expition brought information about the new land.

Embargo Act

However the framed Founding father would leave the white house unpopular because he had destroyed the US economy with this act.

He shut of American trade because French and British where messing with US ships and Jefferson sought to punish them.

However this hurt Americans way worse.

The impact the Embargo Act had on the congresional election of 1808.

Due to the Embargo debacle, Federalist gained seas in Congress in 1808, but democratic-republicans kept the White house thanks to the popularity of James Madison.

Madison quickly repealed the embargo , but had bigger challenge ahead like another war with the British

War of 1812

The British were still at war and still messing with US ships. The actually still continued the impressment of US sailor into their navy.

American also blamed the British for aiding in the latest large American Indian revolt of the Battle of Tippecanoe; what lead up to the war.

Tecumshe; Battle of Tippecanoe

Was a Shawnee American Indian and both a prophet and warrior.

_______ had been at the Battle of fallen Timbers in 1795 when American Indians lost all of Ohio. He wanted to take a stand but realized the Shawnee alone couldn’t do it.

Like Pontaic before him, he United the American Indian nation in the west of the Mississippi River. They built a multi-tribe city called prophets town in Indiana.

_________ traveled the west recurring more American Indians.

Americans learned that ______ was away and attacked and destroyed the Prophet’s town at the ________ of __________> Americans celebrated the news but blamed the British for supplying the American Indians with Weapons.

War Hawks

Madison was pressured by _____ _____ in Congress to declare war on British, leading to the War of 1812