History of the Incan Conquest and English Expansion in the Caribbean

This set covers the Spanish conquest of the Incan Empire, key historical figures, geographical considerations, and the subsequent English expansion and maritime conflict in the Caribbean.

Cuzco

The Incan capital located in the Andes mountains, chosen for its strategic position for protection and defense.

Lima

The Spanish capital in Peru, established on the coast to serve as a dock or port for ships and reinforcements.

Francisco Pizarro

A wealthy landowner from Panama who grew up in Spain; he led the Spanish conquest of the Incas after seeking permission to search for the land of gold.

Diego de Almagro

A friend of Pizarro who joined the expedition to South America to search for gold, suffering through starvation and financial ruin before the eventual conquest.

Hernando de Soto

A famous conquistador who provided reinforcements to Pizarro and led the capture of Atahualpa.

Atahualpa

The last Incan leader who defeated his brother Huascar in a civil war; he was later executed by Francisco Pizarro.

Sapa Inca

A title given to the Incan leader, meaning 'Lord Inca' or 'Son of the Sun.'

Huayna Capac

The father of Atahualpa and Huascar, regarded as the greatest Incan leader.

Huascar

The brother of Atahualpa who was taken prisoner and killed during the Incan civil war.

Tupac Amaru

A leader who helped expand the Incan empire and increased crop production for trade.

Convoy

A group of vehicles, ships, or people traveling together, usually for protection or organization.

Armada

A powerful, large group of warships; essentially a large navy fleet used for protection or invasion.

Sir Francis Drake

An English privateer and commander who sunk Spanish ships during their attempt to invade England and attacked Nombre de Dios.

Sir John Hawkins

A cousin of Sir Francis Drake and one of the first Englishmen to begin the slave trade, trading commodities like cloth and citrus fruit with Spanish colonies.

Elizabeth I

The ruler of England from 1558 to 1603 during the period of intense fighting with Spain in the Caribbean.

Western Design

An English policy or expedition that led to the successful capture of Jamaica in 1655.