AA SCOTUS cases

slaughterhouse case 1873

the rights of citizens remains under federal control, impeding on giving AA civil rights

US v Cruikshank 1876

the enforcement act only lets federal gov take action actionst states not individuals

Please v Ferguson 1896

segregation is constitutional, legal precedent that races can be ‘separate but equal’

Cumming v Board of Education 1899

extends separate but equal to schools

Mississippi v Williams 1898

Ruled a poll tax constitutional

Guinness v US 1915

NAACP case that outlawed grandfather clauses

Brown v Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas 1954

Unanimous ruling that desegregated schools, overturns please v Ferguson

Buchanan v Warley 1917

residential segregation in Kentucky unconstitutional

Moore v Dempsey 1923

Removed the death penalty on 12 AA men whose trials were dominated by mobs, undermining southern support for lynching

trudeau v barnes 1933

All state appeals must be finished before reaching SCOTUS, slows the legal process

Gaines v Canada 1938

separate but equal facilities have to be equal, helped get black teachers higher wages

smith v allwright 1944

primary elections must include black workers, illegal to prevent voting in private elections

Morgan v Virginia 1946

segregation on interstate buses is unconstitutional

Sipuel v University of Oklahoma 1948

Unis can’t block admissions on the basis of race

Shelley v Kraemer 1948

racial housing covenants are unconstitutional

brown 2

follow up of brown v board that desegregation must be with deliberate speed

Browder v Gayle 1956

Bus segregation is unconstitutional- in favour of bus boycotters

Boynton v Virginia 1960

segregation on bus terminals is unconstitutional

Heart of Atlanta v USA 1964

stop segregation in private hotels , uphold CRA

Griggs v Duke Power Company 1971

Confirms validity of affirmative action, educational requirements in employment are unreasonable based on past discrimination

Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education 1971

upholds the practise of bussing

Milliken v Bradley 1974

second ruling on bussing that is less supportive, bussing is only allowed if there is deliberate segregation

Regents of University of California v Bakke 1978

Response to affirmative action, ruled a white school had been discriminated against. Affirmative action was appropriate but wrong in this case

Grove City v Bell 1984

organisations receiving federal funding must comply with only wth the civil rights legislation that they recieved funds for

Loving v Virginia 1967

Anti-miscegenation laws are unconstitutional

Alexander v Holmes County 1969

Desegregation of still segregated schools

Green v Connolly 1970

federal funds could be withheld from institutions if they had a segregation policy