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Johannes Miescher
Frederick Griffith
accidentally discovered DNA function while studying pneumonia causing bacteria
hereditary
passing down of genetic information
Hershey and Chase
proved bacteria is responsible for passing down genetic info, found bacteria was injecting its DNA into host bacteria, not protein
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
properties of hereditary molecules
Transmits full genetic information
Cells from specific species have the same amount of DNA
RNA and protein content varies (but not DNA)
Encodes a huge amount of information
nucleotides
Monomers of nucleic acids AKA bases
bases
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid. double helix held together by hydrogen bonds, information to build an organism.
Watson and Crick
proteins are often in helix shape, suspect DNA is too. won a Nobel Prize for their work.
Rosalind Franklin
finds the exact shape of DNA. A colleague stole her work and gave it to Watson and Crick who received credit, the discovery that it was her work didn't take place til after her death
hydrogen bonds
(this) gives helix shape to DNA and proteins
DNA sequence
Order of nucleotides in DNA, gives us diversity of traits
chromosomes
tightly packed DNA
histones
a protein that DNA wraps itself around
nucleosomes
DNA + histones
chromatin fibers
tight fibers formed by the interaction of histones
sister chromatids
pair of duplicate centromeres
chromosome
x-shape formed by joint sister chromatids
chromosome number
Number of chromosomes in a cell of a given species; characteristic of different species
diploid
two sets of chromosomes
haploid
one set of chromosomes
karyotype
image of an individual cell's chromosomes
Autosomes
chromosomes that are the same in both males and females
sex chromosomes
chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
haploidy
sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.