1869. first to actually see DNA, didn't learn its function
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Frederick Griffith
accidentally discovered DNA function while studying pneumonia causing bacteria
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hereditary
passing down of genetic information
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Hershey and Chase
proved bacteria is responsible for passing down genetic info, found bacteria was injecting its DNA into host bacteria, not protein
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bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
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properties of hereditary molecules
Transmits full genetic information Cells from specific species have the same amount of DNA RNA and protein content varies (but not DNA) Encodes a huge amount of information
deoxyribonucleic acid. double helix held together by hydrogen bonds, information to build an organism.
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Watson and Crick
proteins are often in helix shape, suspect DNA is too. won a Nobel Prize for their work.
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Rosalind Franklin
finds the exact shape of DNA. A colleague stole her work and gave it to Watson and Crick who received credit, the discovery that it was her work didn't take place til after her death
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hydrogen bonds
(this) gives helix shape to DNA and proteins
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DNA sequence
Order of nucleotides in DNA, gives us diversity of traits
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chromosomes
tightly packed DNA
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histones
a protein that DNA wraps itself around
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nucleosomes
DNA + histones
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chromatin fibers
tight fibers formed by the interaction of histones
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sister chromatids
pair of duplicate centromeres
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chromosome
x-shape formed by joint sister chromatids
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chromosome number
Number of chromosomes in a cell of a given species; characteristic of different species
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diploid
two sets of chromosomes
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haploid
one set of chromosomes
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karyotype
image of an individual cell's chromosomes
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Autosomes
chromosomes that are the same in both males and females
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sex chromosomes
chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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haploidy
sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.
Studied by 4 people
