CH 8: DNA Structure and Function (Pt1/2)

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27 Terms

1
Johannes Miescher
1869. first to actually see DNA, didn't learn its function
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2
Frederick Griffith
accidentally discovered DNA function while studying pneumonia causing bacteria
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3
hereditary
passing down of genetic information
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4
Hershey and Chase
proved bacteria is responsible for passing down genetic info, found bacteria was injecting its DNA into host bacteria, not protein
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5
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
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6
properties of hereditary molecules
Transmits full genetic information
Cells from specific species have the same amount of DNA
RNA and protein content varies (but not DNA)
Encodes a huge amount of information
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7
nucleotides
Monomers of nucleic acids AKA bases
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8
bases
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)
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9
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
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10
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid. double helix held together by hydrogen bonds, information to build an organism.
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11
Watson and Crick
proteins are often in helix shape, suspect DNA is too. won a Nobel Prize for their work.
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12
Rosalind Franklin
finds the exact shape of DNA. A colleague stole her work and gave it to Watson and Crick who received credit, the discovery that it was her work didn't take place til after her death
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13
hydrogen bonds
(this) gives helix shape to DNA and proteins
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14
DNA sequence
Order of nucleotides in DNA, gives us diversity of traits
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15
chromosomes
tightly packed DNA
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16
histones
a protein that DNA wraps itself around
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17
nucleosomes
DNA + histones
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18
chromatin fibers
tight fibers formed by the interaction of histones
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19
sister chromatids
pair of duplicate centromeres
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20
chromosome
x-shape formed by joint sister chromatids
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21
chromosome number
Number of chromosomes in a cell of a given species; characteristic of different species
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22
diploid
two sets of chromosomes
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23
haploid
one set of chromosomes
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24
karyotype
image of an individual cell's chromosomes
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25
Autosomes
chromosomes that are the same in both males and females
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26
sex chromosomes
chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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27
haploidy
sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.
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