CH 8: DNA Structure and Function (Pt1/2)

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27 Terms

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Johannes Miescher

  1. first to actually see DNA, didn't learn its function
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Frederick Griffith

accidentally discovered DNA function while studying pneumonia causing bacteria

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hereditary

passing down of genetic information

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Hershey and Chase

proved bacteria is responsible for passing down genetic info, found bacteria was injecting its DNA into host bacteria, not protein

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bacteriophage

virus that infects bacteria

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properties of hereditary molecules

Transmits full genetic information
Cells from specific species have the same amount of DNA
RNA and protein content varies (but not DNA)
Encodes a huge amount of information

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nucleotides

Monomers of nucleic acids AKA bases

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bases

Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)

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nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

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DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid. double helix held together by hydrogen bonds, information to build an organism.

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Watson and Crick

proteins are often in helix shape, suspect DNA is too. won a Nobel Prize for their work.

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Rosalind Franklin

finds the exact shape of DNA. A colleague stole her work and gave it to Watson and Crick who received credit, the discovery that it was her work didn't take place til after her death

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hydrogen bonds

(this) gives helix shape to DNA and proteins

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DNA sequence

Order of nucleotides in DNA, gives us diversity of traits

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chromosomes

tightly packed DNA

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histones

a protein that DNA wraps itself around

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nucleosomes

DNA + histones

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chromatin fibers

tight fibers formed by the interaction of histones

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sister chromatids

pair of duplicate centromeres

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chromosome

x-shape formed by joint sister chromatids

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chromosome number

Number of chromosomes in a cell of a given species; characteristic of different species

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diploid

two sets of chromosomes

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haploid

one set of chromosomes

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karyotype

image of an individual cell's chromosomes

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Autosomes

chromosomes that are the same in both males and females

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sex chromosomes

chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

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haploidy

sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.