Techniques in Selective Breeding and Cloning

Selective Breeding

Choosing organisms with desirable traits for reproduction.

Benefits of Selective Breeding

Increases crop yield and disease resistance.

Drawbacks of Selective Breeding

Time-consuming and may pass undesirable traits.

Cross Pollination

Transferring pollen between different plants.

Recessive Trait Expression

Requires both plants to have recessive genes.

Cloning

Creating genetically identical cells or organisms.

Tissue Culture

Cloning method using plant tissue in nutrients.

Meristem

Rapidly dividing area for plant cloning.

Somatic Cell Body Cell

Cell type providing genetic material for cloning.

Gene Splicing

Inserting human DNA into bacterial DNA.

Restriction Enzyme

Organic chemical used to cut DNA.

Recombinant DNA (rDNA)

New genetic material from gene splicing.

Bacteria in Gene Splicing

Reproduces quickly, producing many offspring.

Human Insulin

Genetically engineered hormone lowering blood glucose.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

Another hormone that can be genetically engineered.

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique for creating DNA banding patterns.

Paternity Test

Uses gel electrophoresis to determine familial relationships.

Solving Crimes

Application of gel electrophoresis in forensic science.

DNA Fragment Sorting

Based on size during gel electrophoresis.

Pancreas

Organ that produces insulin.

Feedback Mechanism

Regulates glucose levels in the blood.