TOP QE Review Test

The twin cornerstones of psychoanalytic motivation are

sex and aggression

Freud began his self-analysis shortly after

his father died

As a youth and young man, Freud was strongly motivated to

win fame by making a great discovery

What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the id?

rider and horse

The id serves the ____________ principle.

pleasure

Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with the external world?

id and superego

Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression?

masochism

A sadist receives sexual pleasure from

inflicting pain on others

Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals

erogenous zones

The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called ________ anxiety.

moral

According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the

ego

Defense mechanisms protect the ego against

anxiety

In Freudian theory, anxiety

triggers repression

After a drive or image has been repressed, it

any of the above

With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire finds an opposite and exaggerated expression

reaction formation

A completely weaned child goes back to the bottle after a younger sister is born. This return to a more infantile pattern of behavior expresses a

regression

Chad has great admiration for his history teacher. He attempts to imitate this teacher's lifestyle and mannerisms. This is an example of

introjection

A type of repression in which the ego attempts to do away with unpleasant experiences and their consequences is called

undoing

This defense mechanism, unlike the others, usually results in some benefit to society.

sublimation

To Freud, the most crucial stage of development is

infancy

The anal triad consists of all these characteristics EXCEPT

aggressiveness

Freud believed that differences between boys and girls in psychosexual development are due to

anatomy

For boys, the castration complex

shatters the Oedipus complex

For girls, the castration complex

takes the form of penis envy and comes before the Oedipus complex

Freud believed that, for girls

none of the above

Freud believed that, with a few exceptions, the unconscious meaning of dreams expressed

wish-fulfillments

Psychoanalytic therapy is most likely to include this technique

free association

As a child, Adler had an intense rivalry with

an older brother named Sigmund

Individual psychology can be considered to be

optimistic

People strive toward superiority through one of two paths. One is the route of social interest; the other is the road of

exaggerated personal gain

To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is

the striving for success or superiority

According to Adler, a person's final goal is

a creation of the creative power

Adler insisted that personality is shaped by

subjective perceptions

Adler called ideas that have no real existence yet influence individuals as if they really existed

fictions

The doctrine that motivation should be considered according to its final purpose or aim is called

teleology

Adler believed that organ inferiorities

stimulate feelings of inferiority

Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as

social interest

According to Adler _________________ is the "sole criterion of human values."

social interest

A person's final goal is ultimately shaped by

the creative power

A person's style of life becomes fairly well established at about what age?

4 to 5 years

Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for

completion

To Adler, the core of maladjustment is

lack of social interest

Early recollections are

keys to understanding one's style of life.

According to Adler, the creative power

shapes one's style of life

Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic

both choices are correct

Pampered children

frequently feel neglected

Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are

sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious

Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against

public disgrace

Compared with Freud, Adler

had a more positive view toward women

Style of life is most reliably revealed by

early recollections

According to Adler, dreams

provide information for dealing with future problems

According to Adler, human personality is

shaped by people's interpretations of experiences

The ultimate goal of Adlerian therapy is to

increase social interest

Research suggests that early recollections

may change during the course of psychotherapy

A major weakness of Adler's theory is that it

is not easily falsifiable.

In his concept of humanity, Adler saw people as

none of the above

Jung's mid-life crisis followed soon after the break in his friendship with

Freud

Jung divided the unconscious psyche into two parts: the personal and the

collective

In analytical psychology, the center of consciousness is

the ego

The contents of the personal unconscious are called

complexes

Archetypes are

components of the collective unconscious

The persona archetype

shows itself as the social role we reveal to others

According to Jung, a person's first test of courage is to

realize the shadow

The anima is

the feminine side of men

Irrational moods in men are represented by the

anima

The archetype of nourishment and destruction is the

great mother

The great mother archetype is most likely to be symbolized by

a witch

The wise old man archetype represents

meaning and wisdom

The hero archetype

all of the above

The self is usually represented by this symbol.

the mandala

In Jungian psychology, the self

all of the above

If Freud's theory is basically causal and Adler's is essentially teleological, then Jung's theory is

both causal and teleological

In Jungian psychology, introversion and extraversion are regarded as

functions

According to Jung, extraversion is basically

objective

Introverted feeling types

rely on subjective evaluations rather than the opinions of others

Jung regarded thinking and feeling as

rational functions

Which of these is NOT a substage of Jung's childhood period?

oral

Jung believed that the most important stage of life is middle life. At that time a person should

move from an extraverted attitude toward an introverted one

The process of becoming whole or complete-that is, actualizing the various components of personality-is called

individuation

According to Jung, these dreams originate from the collective unconscious rather than from personal experiences of the dreamer.

big dreams

Most research on Jungian concepts has involved the notion of

typology

Klein suggested that the infant's first model for interpersonal relations was

the mother's breast

One person psychoanalyzed by Melanie Klein was

her son Erich

Klein had a bitter rivalry with

both choices

Compared with Freudian theory, object relations theory

places more emphasis on interpersonal relations

The person or part of a person that satisfies the aim of an instinct is called

the object

Like Freud, Klein believed that people are motivated by

the death instinct

Klein's two basic psychological positions are

the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive

In order to control the good breast and to fight off its persecutors, infants use

the paranoid-schizoid position

Klein believed that feelings of anxiety about losing a loved object and a sense of guilt for desiring to destroy that object were part of

the depressive position

Klein's psychic defense mechanisms

protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies

Infants use this means of controlling good and bad aspects of themselves

splitting

Compared to Freud, Klein believed that the superego

is much more harsh and cruel

Klein believed that at the end of a successfully resolved Oedipus complex, a girl

will develop positive feelings toward both parents

Klein believed that a girl fantasizes that her father's penis feeds the mother with babies during this period.

oedipal

This object relations theorist spent much time observing normal babies as they bonded with their mothers during the first 3 years of life.

Margaret Mahler

Mahler's principal concern was with

the psychological birth of the child

During the separation-individuation stage, Mahler claimed, children begin to

develop feelings of personal identity

Kohut was most interested in the

process by which the self evolves

According to Kohut, the needs to exhibit the grandiose self and the idealized parent image are called

narcissistic needs