ORALCOMM

Jones, 2013

communication is a process of generating meaning by sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs that are influenced by multiple contexts

Bryski and Brown (2018)

communication is a transactional process in which people create, send, and receive symbolic messages to construct and interpret meaning in a variety of situations and contexts

Sipacio & Balgos (2016)

communication is a process in which people exchange thoughts, ideas, feelings, and emotions. It is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures

4 Characteristics of Communication

SYMBOLIC, PROCESS-ORIENTED, CONTEXTUAL AND SITUATIONAL, PURPOSEFUL

SENDER

the one delivering the message; she/he is the source of information.

MESSAGE

any information, idea, thought, or feeling expressed in words or in action.

ENCODING

the process of delivering or converting the message by the sender.

CHANNEL

the medium used in conveying the message.

DECODING

the process of interpreting the message by the one receiving it.

RECEIVER

the one to whom the message is delivered; the one interpreting the message.

FEEDBACK

any response, reply, or reaction of the recipient to the message which may be expressed in words or in actions.

CONTEXT

the environment where communication takes place.

BARRIER

any factor that interrupts the exchange of ideas/messages, making it difficult for the sender and receiver to understand the message.