buddha midterm

chaitya

A Buddhist shrine or prayer hall that houses a stupa, often used for meditation and worship.

Karla/Karli Caves

1-5 BCE, A group of Buddhist rock-cut caves in India, famous for their intricate sculptures and ancient chaityas.

Mithuna

1-5 BCE, A term used in Buddhist art to describe couples or pairs that symbolize duality, harmony, and the interconnectedness of life.

Dhyana Mudra

Meditation, A hand gesture in Buddhism symbolizing meditation, where the right hand rests on the left in the lap with palms facing up.

Vitarka Mudra 

A hand gesture in Buddhism representing the teaching of the Dharma, typically shown with one hand raised in a gesture of assurance and the other at rest.

Abhaya Mudra

a hand gesture that signifies fearlessness, protection, and peace in Hinduism and Buddhism, formed by raising a hand with the palm facing outward and fingers pointing upward

Buddha in Meditation 

Century: 1-3 CE

Location: Indian Museum

Material: schist 

Period: Gandhara 

Pose: Dhyana Mudra

Standing Buddha

Century: 2-3 CE

Location: Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio

Material: gray schist 

Period: Gandhara

Pose: Vitarka Mudra

Standing Bodhisattva Maitreya

Century: 1-3 CE

Location: Musée Guimet (Paris, France)

Material: schist

Period: Gandhara  

Life of the Buddha

Century: 3 CE

Location: Freer Gallery of Art (Washington D. C., District of Columbia, USA)

Period: Gandhara

Reliquary from Bimaran

Century: 3 CE

Location: Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, Massachusetts, USA)

Material: Gold and ruby

Period: Gandhara

Buddha Seated

Century: 2 CE

Location: Archaeological Museum (Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Material: stone

Period: Mathura and Kushan

Pose: Abhaya mudra, peace and protection

Bhutesvara Temple Railpost, Lady Fastening her Garment

Period: 1-2 CE

Location: Archaeological Museum (Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India), Material: stone

Period: Mathura and Kushan

Vocab: Yakṣas

Reconstruction of Amaravati Stupa

Century: 2 CE

Location: Amaravati

Period: Andhra

1, c. 200-100 BCE; original earth mound, a simple railing (vedikā),

granite pillars, slabs of relief sculptures ('drum slabs’)

2, c. 50 BCE-250 CE; enlargement of the mound, addition of drum

slabs and decoration of the vedikā

Buddha Shakyamuni and scenes from his life

Century: Backside 1CE, Front side 3 CE

Location: Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh, India),

Material: Stone Slab from Amaravati Stupa drum

Period: Andhra

• Depicts Gautama Buddha in Amaravati Stupa 

Standing Buddha from Mathura

Century: 4-6 CE

Location: Mathura (Uttar Pradesh, India) 

Period: Mathura and Gupta

Sarnath Buddha preaching his first sermon

Century: 5 CE

Location: Sarnath Museum

Period: Sarnath and Gupta 

Standing Buddha Sakyamuni

Century: 5-6 CE

Location: Sultanganj (Bihar, India)

Material: Copper

Period: Late Sarnath and late Mathura and Gupta

Ajanta Caves

Century: 1 BCE- 5CE

Location: Ajanta (Maharashtra, India)

Period: Andhra and Gupta

Ajanta Cave 1; interior, Hall Shrine flanked by wall paintings of
Bodhisattvas Vajrapani and Padmapani

Century: 5 CE

Location: Ajanta

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 1; interior, Hall Shrine

Century: 5 CE

Location: Ajanta

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 1; interior, Left shrine, interior wall, Bodhisattva
Padmapani

Century: 7 CE

Location: Ajanta

Material: Fresco

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 1; interior, Main Hall, rear wall murals, Bodhisattva
Vajrapani detail, head of Vajrapani

Century: 7 CE

Location: Ajanta

Material: Fresco

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 1; interior, Main Hall, rear wall murals, Lustration
scene

Century: 7 CE

Location: Ajanta 

Material: fresco 

Period: Gupta 

Ajanta Cave 2, Hall Shrine, Hariti Shrinelet, rear right, sculpture
and painted floral motifs above, detail Hariti

Century: 6 CE

Location: Ajanta 

Material: stone carving and fresco 

Period: Gupta 

Ajanta Cave 19; exterior, Chaitya Hall, facade

Century: 6 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 19; exterior, Chaitya Hall, facade, right end wall,
detail Standing Buddha

Century: 6 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period:  Gupta

Ajanta Cave 19; interior, Facade end wall panel, Naga and Naginis

Century: 6 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period:  Gupta

Ajanta Cave 19; interior, Main Hall, view toward stupa

Century: 6 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period:  Gupta

Ajanta Cave 26; interior, Ambulatory detail, left side Buddhas

Century: 5 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period: Gupta

Ajanta Cave 26; interior, The Parinirvana of the Buddha

Century: 5 CE

Location:  Ajanta

Period:  Gupta

Buddha, Bamiyan (175' Buddha); close-up view, Buddha within
rock-cut niche

Century: 6 CE

Location:  Bamiyan (Afghanistan)

Material: sandstone, mud, straw, stucco, carving

Period:  Gandhara and Kushan