Chapter 8: Frame of Reference and Self-Image: Origins of Culture and Self- Awareness

T/F: we all share the same reality

False

Frame of reference

what a person believes to be their subjective reality

Frame of reference forms the basis of a a person’s

perception of the world

Frame of reference is a standard against which -. -, and - are judged and may control or direct their - and -

actions, ideas, and results

action and expression

Frame of reference is shaped by

experience and culture

4 ways a person’s frame of reference can influence their approach

every individual exists in a changing world of experience

each individual reacts to his or her world as they experience and perceive it

everyone wants to actualize, maintain, and enhance themselves

best place to understand behaviour is from someone’s internal frame of reference

A person in any given culture views their perception of reality as

the correct one

Self image

individual’s perception of themselves

When it comes to self-image, the starting point for most people is that

their own culture is universal, incomparable, and the only valid one

Ethnocentrism

belief that one’s own culture is the only valid one

Ethnorelativism

belief that your culture holds a special place but all cultures are valid in some way

Canada sees itself as a - - while the US sees itself as a -

virtual mosaic

melting pot

The stages involved when moving from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism

denying existence/validity of other cultures

attempt to preserve own sense of culture thru self isolation or segregation of others

defend by belittling or claiming superiority

claim a form of physical or universal denial

3 mental shifts that are possible once someone is willing to move to ethnorelativism

acceptance of other’s differences

personal adaptation to the other culture

willingness to assimilate or integrate

How a mediator can work with an ethnocentric party/parites

assure each side absorption of another’s ideas and view point is not fatal

set an example by adopting attitude of acceptance and integration

demonstrate attitude that allows varying cultures to live comfortably together

What is self awareness

subjective internal sense of self that develops when person looks inward to determine who they believe they are

Factors that influence conflict

how parents approached conflict

how parents taught us to approach conflict

temperament and personality

education level'

personal expertise

Five negotiation styles

avoiding

accommodating

compromising

collaborating

Emotional intelligence

ability to understand and manage our own emotions and emotions of others in order to create and sustain positive relationships

4 key components of emotional intelligence

self awareness

self management

social awareness

relationship management

Self awareness as related to emotional intelligence means

being aware of your own emotions and emotional reactions

being aware of personal limitations and strength

Emotional intelligence: self management means

manage emotions and reactions in a positive way

Emotional intelligence: social awareness means

ability to pick up on other’s emotions

Emotional intelligence: relationship management

ability to manage relationships positively and productively based on awareness of parties emotions

Questions to ask during reflective mediation

what worked/didn’t work well and why

what skills were effectively used

what added skills might have helped

what would I do differently

what am i prodi of