6: Carbohydrates - Food and Function

What are the chemical structures of monosaccharides?

a carbon chain and hydroxyl groups

What is a ketose?

monosaccharides with ketones

Where are ketones found on the carbon chain?

Within the middle

What is an aldose?

a monosaccharide with aldehyde

Where is aldose found on the carbon chain?

on either end of the chain

What is a glycosidic bond?

A covalent bond formed between hydroxyl groups

What is a glycosidic bonds chemical reaction?

Condensation reaction forming a disaccharide

How does the structure of a polysaccharide contribute to their function?

Keeps cells, tissues, and whole organisms in shape

How does a linear polysaccharide contribute to its function?

stronger shape, easier to pack, structural

How does a branched polysaccharide contribute to its function?

more ends for enzymes to work on, energy storage

What does adding a protein to a carbohydrate do?

give it structural cross-linking

What does adding carbohydrates to proteins and lipids do?

provides a higher interaction rate with water