Anatomy Lab Quiz 2: Labelling the Cell & Hemolysis

Identify the Nuclear Membrane

– selectively permeable lipid bi-layer which encloses the nucleus

Identify the Nucleolus

– within the nucleus

- contains rRNA

Identify the Ribosomes

– site of protein synthesis

Identify the Lysosomes

– “suicide sacs”

- contain digestive enzymes

Identify the Centriole

– send out spindle fibers for cell division

Identify the Cell Membrane

- semi-permeable phospholipids bi-layer

- separates cell from surrounding environment

- protective barrier

Identify the Smooth ER

- transports, synthesizes and metabolizes small molecules

Identify the Vacuole

– holds water, waste

Identify the Chromatin

– the form of chromosomes in the non-dividing cell - long, thin intertwined

OR nucleoplasm – everything inside the nucleus

Identify the Microvilli

– surface modification which increases the surface area of the cell

Identify the Golgi Apparatus

– modifies, packages and distributes secretory proteins

- produces lysosomes

Identify the Mitochondrion

– “powerhouse”

- site of cellular respiration (oxidation, Kreb’s cycle)

Identify the Nucelus

– control center of cell

- houses genetic information

Identify the Rough ER

- transports and modifies proteins

Identify the Cytoplasm

– everything within the cell except the nucleus

Identify the Vesicle

- membrane-bound sacs used for storage/transport

Cytoplasm vs Protoplasm

Cytoplasm: Everything within the cell except the nucleus.

Protoplasm: Everything within the cell including the nucleus.

List the 3 major regions of the cell you can see with a light microscope

Plasma membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

What are the two different types of cellular organization that have been identified via electron microscope?

1. Prokaryotic (primitive nucleus)

2. Eucaryotic (true nucleus)

The prokaryotic cell is the unit of cellular organization for bacteria, is distinguished by its small size and the absence of many organelles that are found in eucaryotic type of cellular organization.

Define Solution

homogenous mixture of solute and solvent

Define Solute

substance which dissolves

Define Solvent

the fluid in which substances are dissolved

Define Soluble

capable of dissolving

Define Insoluble

cannot dissolve

Define Suspension

- molecules are too large to go into solution therefore settle on the bottom

- suspensions must be shaken to re-suspend the particles

What is the relation of # of solute particles to osmotic pressure?

The greater the number of solute particles, the higher the osmotic pressure.

When cells are placed in a solution and they remain unchanged the solution surrounding them has the same osmotic pressure as the cell - this solution is said to be …

Isotonic

When cells are placed in a solution and the cells swell and burst, the solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the cell - this solution is said to be…

Hypotonic

When cells are placed in a solution and the cells shrink, the solution has a higher osmotic pressure than the cells - this solution is said to be…

Hypertonic

What 3 solutions were used to in lab to test osmotic imbalances on cell membranes (each 5mL)?

1. 0.9% saline

2. Distilled water

3. 6% sodium chloride (NaCl)

Effects of 0.9% saline

Effect: Nothing

Solution: isotonic

Reason: Since the solute concentration (or osmolarity) is the same on both sides of the membrane no movement takes place

Effect of distilled water

Effect: Ruptured i.e hemolyzed

Solution: hypotonic

Reason: Since the red blood cells have a higher concentration of solutes than the distilled water and water moves (by osmosis) from low solute to high solute therefore water moves into the cell causing it to rupture or burst i.e hemolzye

Effect of 6% NaCl

Effect: Shrivel or shrink i.e crenate

Solution: hypertonic

Reason: Since the red blood cells have a lower concentration of solutes than the 6% NaCl and by osmosis water moves from a low solute to high solute – water moves out of the cell into the NaCl therefore causing the RBC to lose water i.e. crenate (shrink)

Define crenation. What type of solution caused crenation to happen?

Crenation: RBC’s shrinking or shriveling.

RBC’s crenate in a hypertonic solution.

Define hemolysis. What type of solution caused hemolysis to happen?

Hemolysis: RBC’s bursting, breaking or rupturing.

RBC’s hemolyze in a a hypotonic solution.