Module 5 Respiratory System Quiz

Functions of the respiratory system include

Group of answer choices

• regulation of blood pH

• protection against microbes

• making sounds used for speaking

• all of the above

all of the above

The region of the airways where gas exchange occcurs is called 

Group of answer choices

• the respiratory zone

• the conducting zone

• the dead space

• the bronchioles

The respiratory zone is the portion of the respiratory system where gas exchange actually occurs between air and blood.
It includes:

• Respiratory bronchioles

• Alveolar ducts

• Alveoli

During inspiration and normal tidal breathing, the dimensions of the thoracic cavity

increase due to contraction of the diaphragm

Surfactant...

• decreases surface tension

• is secreted by Type II alveolar cells

• both of the above

both of the above

• Decreases surface tension within the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing

• Is secreted by Type II alveolar (Type II pneumocyte) cells in the lungs.

Air flows into the lungs when

• alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

• alveolar pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure

• there is no difference between alveolar and atmospheric pressure

Alveolar pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure

• high pressure to low pressure.

When Vanessa is breathing at rest, her ventilation rate is 15 breaths/min, her tidal volume is 600 mL, and dead space volume is 150 mL. Maria’s Alveolar Minute Volume is:

Group of answer choices

90,000 ml of air / min

9,000 ml of air / min

6,750 ml air / min

2,250 ml of air / min

Alveolar Minute Volume (Tidal Volume−Dead Space)×Respiratory Rate

• (600 mL−150 mL)×15=450×15

• 450×15= 6,750 mL/min

When Vanessa begins exercising, her ventilation rate increases to 25 breaths per minute, and ventilation volume increases to 800 mL, and dead space volume is 150 mL. Vanessa's Minute Volume is

Group of answer choices

16,250 ml air / min

1,625 ml air / min

20,000 ml air / min

23,750 ml air / min

Minute Volume=Tidal Volume×Respiratory Rate

• VR = 25 breaths/min

• TV = 800 mL

• Dead space = 150 mL ( only used for alveolar minute volume)

  • 800 mL×25=20,000 mL/min

If a student inhales as deeply as possible and then blows the air out until they cannot exhale any more, the total volume of air that they expelled is their?

Group of answer choices

• Tidal Volume

• Inspiratory reserve volume

• Expiratory Reserve Volume

• Vital Capacity

Vital Capacity

• (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation.

What is the normal partial pressure of Oxygen in the Pulmonary Artery?

Group of answer choices

40 mm Hg

100 mm Hg

46 mm Hg

0 mm Hg

• 40 mm Hg

  • pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

  • returned from the systemic circulation, its oxygen (O₂) content is low..

In which form is most of the carbon dioxide in blood transported as:

Group of answer choices

dissolved in plasma

bicarbonate ions in plasma

bicarbonate ions in the red blood cell

carbaminohemaglobin

bicarbonate ions in plasma

Which of these would tend to cause an increase ventilation?

Group of answer choices

lower than normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood

higher than normal pH in CSF

lower than normal pH in CSF

lower than normal pH in CSF

• H of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which closely reflects CO₂ levels in the blood.

During normal tidal breathing, expiration is driven by activation of the internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal cavity to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity

false

• internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles are only actively used during forced expiration

The Carotid Body oxygen sensing cells (Glomus cells) respond to a decrease in O₂ levels in the blood and send sensory signals to the Medulla Oblongata and Pons Respiratory center which then causes

Group of answer choices

a decrease in ventilation

an increase in ventilation

an increase in the capacity for Hb to bind Oxygen

an increase in ventilation

Central chemoreceptors in the Medulla directly respond to increases in CO₂ in the CSF and send sensory signals to the Respiratory control center to increase ventilation

Group of answer choices

True

False

False

• They indirectly respond to CO2 levels. They directly respond to H+ in the CSF produced via the carbonic anhydrase reaction and dissociattion of carbonic acid to H+ and bicarbonate

Arterial O₂ levels are directly detected by central chemoreceptors

Group of answer choices

True

False

False

• Central chemoreceptors (located in the medulla oblongata) do not directly detect arterial O₂ levels.

• respond primarily to changes in CO₂ and pH in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — not oxygen

Which of the following would cause an increased ability for hemoglobin to bind oxygen?

Group of answer choices

an increase in blood pH

A decrease in blood pH

An increase in hydrogen ions in the blood

An increase in 2,3 BPG in the red blood cell.

an increase in blood pH

• An increase in blood pH (meaning the blood becomes less acidic) causes hemoglobin to have a higher affinity for oxygen, making it bind O₂ more easily.

• A decrease in pH, an increase in H⁺ ions, or an increase in 2,3-BPG all cause hemoglobin to release oxygen more readily

Gas exchange between the alveolar lumen and the blood plasma occurs across which cells (not including the red blood cell)?

Group of answer choices

Type II alveolar and endothelial cells

Type I and type II alveolar cells

Endothelial cells and dust cells

Type I alveolar and endothelial cells

Type I alveolar and endothelial cells

• Type I alveolar cells (pneumocytes):

  • These are flat, thin epithelial cells that form the majority of the alveolar wall and provide the surface for gas exchange.

• Endothelial cells of the pulmonary capillaries:

  • These form the inner lining of the capillaries where the blood flows.

How many cell membranes must oxygen cross as it crosses from the alveolar lumen to bind to Hemoglobin (Hb)

Group of answer choices

2

3

4

5

6

5

• oxygen (O₂) travels from the alveolar air space to bind with hemoglobin (Hb) inside a red blood cell, it must cross five cell membranes in total:

  1. Alveolar epithelial cell membrane (Type I alveolar cell) – entering

  2. Alveolar epithelial cell membrane – exiting (basolateral side)

  3. Capillary endothelial cell membrane – entering

  4. Capillary endothelial cell membrane – exiting (basolateral side)

  5. Red blood cell (erythrocyte) membrane to bind with hemoglobin

The volume of air that remains in the lung after a forced expiration is known as the expiratory reserve volume.

Group of answer choices

True

False

False

• The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is called the Residual Volume (RV)

During inspiration the pressure in the thoracic cavity is increasing.

Group of answer choices

True

False

False