Phenols

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7 Terms

1
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Weak Acid

  • phenol is a weak acid.

  • Can’t react with weak bases such as carbonates but can with NaOH.

  • Forms phenoxide salts.

2
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Why can Phenol decolourise bromine?

  • Can decolourise bromine.

  • Lone pair of e- on O gets donated into the ring.

  • electron density of pi cloud increases.

  • benzene ring is more susceptible to attack by electrophiles

3
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Observation of bromination

  • white ppt forms

  • 2,4,6 tribromophenol

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Nitration of phenol

  • reacts with dilute HNO3 (doesnt need to react with H2SO4 due to higher electron density)

  • forms 2 nitrophenol + 4 nitrophenol.

5
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directing groups

  • a group of atoms already bonded to ring which direct another group of atoms to a specific carbon.

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activating groups

  • INCREASE ELECTRON DENSITY.

Have lone pairs e.g NH2 or OH.

2,4,6 directing.

(2,6 C is the same)

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Deactivating groups

  • DECREASE ELECTRON DENSITY.

Don’t have lone pairs e.g NO2

3,5 directing but the same C so

3 directing.