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Ore
Rock containing valuable metals for extraction.
Hematite
Iron ore used to produce steel.
Bauxite
Aluminium ore primarily sourced from Australia.
Finite resource
Non-renewable resource that is depleting.
Mining
Process of extracting ore from the earth.
Surface mining
Excavation method removing earth layers from surface.
Underground mining
Digging tunnels to extract deep-buried ores.
Smelting
Process of extracting metal from ore.
Blast furnace
Used for iron smelting from hematite.
Reduction cell
Used for aluminium smelting from bauxite.
Pig iron
Molten iron produced from blast furnace.
Coke
Fuel with high carbon content for smelting.
Electrolytic process
Electricity-driven method for aluminium extraction.
Cryolite
Molten substance used in aluminium smelting.
Work hardening
Increased hardness from metal deformation.
Annealing
Heat treatment to soften hardened metals.
Hydroelectric power station
Source of inexpensive electricity for smelting.
Continuous product
Cost-effective production maintained over time.
Subsidence
Ground instability caused by old mining.
High temperature
1,700°C required for iron extraction.
Electrodes
Conductors used in electrolytic aluminium process.
Fossil fuels
Energy source used in blast furnace heating.
