Introduction to Coastal Mapping and Management (SVG 512)

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering coastal zones, mapping, management, ICZM, technologies, case studies, and key concepts from the lecture notes.

What is the definition of coastal zones?

The dynamic interface where land and water meet, extending from the coastline to offshore limits of the continental shelf, where terrestrial and marine ecosystems interact.

Name three key features of coastal zones.

Shoreline, estuaries, beaches, mangroves/wetlands, and human infrastructure.

What are estuaries?

Semi-enclosed bodies of water where freshwater mixes with saltwater; vital for reproduction and growth of marine species.

What ecosystems are commonly found in coastal zones?

Mangroves and wetlands (and other coastal habitats like estuaries and beaches) that support biodiversity and provide protection.

Why are coastal zones important?

They are biodiversity hotspots and hubs for economic activities (fisheries, tourism, shipping), provide recreation and cultural value, and protect inland areas from storms.

Name two major challenges facing coastal zones.

Erosion and pollution.

What are the goals of coastal mapping and management?

Conserve coastal ecosystems, promote sustainable resource use, build resilience, mitigate pollution, encourage balanced development, engage stakeholders, and apply integrated approaches (ICZM).

Which ecosystems contribute to coastal biodiversity?

Mangroves, wetlands, estuaries, coral reefs, and other coastal habitats.

What is the scope of coastal mapping?

Collection, analysis, and representation of geospatial data for coastal areas, including coastline, bathymetry, landforms, and infrastructure.

List five purposes of coastal mapping.

Navigation and safety; resource management; environmental monitoring; land use planning; disaster preparedness.

What are the four main types of coastal maps?

Topographic maps; Bathymetric maps; Land Use maps; Hazard maps.

What data sources support coastal mapping?

Remote sensing; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); surveys and field data.

What are the key features on coastal maps?

Shorelines; Elevation; Bathymetry; Coastal landforms; Human infrastructure.

Name four technologies used in coastal mapping.

Satellite imaging; LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging); Sonar; Aerial photography.

Define coastal mapping.

The collection, analysis, and representation of geospatial data related to coastal areas, encompassing land-water interface.

What are the purposes of coastal mapping?

Navigation and safety; resource management; environmental monitoring; land use planning; disaster preparedness.

What is a bathymetric map?

A map showing underwater topography and depth of the ocean and seabed.

What is a hazard map?

A map highlighting areas prone to natural disasters such as floods, erosion, tsunamis, or storm surge.

Why is remote sensing valuable for coastal mapping?

Provides imagery and data on coastal features, sea surface temperature, ocean color, and shoreline change.

What is a GIS in coastal mapping?

Geographic Information System; integrates spatial data to create detailed, interactive maps.

What is field data in coastal mapping?

Surveys and data collected by boats, ships, and divers to validate and supplement remote sensing information.

Name five key parameters on coastal maps.

Shorelines; Elevation; Bathymetry; Coastal landforms; Human infrastructure.

What does LiDAR contribute to coastal mapping?

High-resolution elevation data and bathymetry for coastal erosion studies and flood risk assessment.

What is satellite imaging used for in coastal mapping?

Large-scale coverage to monitor changes, coastline position, and surface characteristics.

What is the purpose of bathymetry in coastal mapping?

To reveal underwater depth and seabed contours, essential for navigation and geomorphology.

What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?

A comprehensive approach that considers the interconnected nature of coastal systems and involves multiple sectors and disciplines.

List the core ICZM principles.

Holistic approach; Participation; Sustainability; Precautionary principle; Adaptive management; Scientific and local knowledge.

What does ecosystem-based management mean in coastal management?

Prioritizes protection and conservation of coastal ecosystems to maintain health and resilience.

What does preventive action entail in sustainable coastal management?

Taking proactive measures to prevent or mitigate coastal hazards and pollution.

What does social equity mean in coastal management?

Considering the well-being of all stakeholders, especially vulnerable communities, in decisions.

What is science-based decision-making?

Making management decisions informed by scientific evidence and data.

What does a long-term perspective involve in coastal management?

Focusing on actions with positive impacts in the long run and considering future generations.

Name three stakeholder groups in coastal management.

Local communities, government agencies, NGOs, industry, scientists, academia, tourists, international bodies.

What is the role of stakeholders in ICZM?

Active involvement and balancing diverse interests in decision-making and management.

What is zoning in coastal management?

Designation of specific areas along the coast for various uses with regulatory controls.

What are common zoning categories?

Residential, commercial, industrial, conservation, and recreation.

What is beach nourishment?

Replenishing eroded beaches with sand to restore beaches and protect shorelines.

What are artificial reefs used for?

Habitat enhancement, erosion mitigation, and recreational opportunities; require maintenance.

Why preserve mangroves and wetlands?

They provide storm surge protection, water filtration, biodiversity, and climate resilience.

What is sustainable tourism in coastal zones?

Balancing economic benefits with environmental and cultural protection; managing carrying capacity; involving communities.

What is disaster risk reduction (DRR) in coastal management?

Early warning systems; resilient infrastructure; community preparedness; ecosystem-based approaches; supportive government policies.

What is climate change adaptation in coastal management?

Infrastructure resilience; ecosystem-based adaptation; planning and regulation; early warning; capacity building.

Name a successful coastal management project: Delta Works (Netherlands).

A series of dams, sluices, locks, dikes, and storm surge barriers protecting the coast and maintaining navigation.

What is GBRMPA?

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; manages GBR with marine protected areas, fishing regulations, and water quality monitoring.

What is Marina Barrage?

A dam and reservoir system in Singapore addressing water scarcity and flood protection.

What has Kenya done for mangroves?

Community-based mangrove conservation, replanting, and sustainable livelihoods through eco-tourism and responsible fishing.

What climate-resilient infrastructure has the Maldives invested in?

Seawalls and elevated buildings to adapt to sea-level rise and storm surges.

What is a key lesson from coastal management failures?

Over-reliance on hard engineering; neglect of natural ecosystems; unplanned urbanization; lack of community involvement; inadequate monitoring.

What is the EU ICZM Protocol?

Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management to the Barcelona Convention (2002) guiding ICZM in the Mediterranean.

What countries have national ICZM programs in Europe?

Examples include the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom, among others.

What does the EU Coast Action Group do?

Promotes cooperation, knowledge sharing, and best practices in ICZM across Europe.

How do topographic and bathymetric maps differ?

Topographic maps depict land features; bathymetric maps depict underwater depth and seafloor topography.

What are hazard maps used for?

Identifying areas prone to natural disasters to support risk assessment and emergency planning.

What do coastal maps illustrate about landforms?

Beaches, cliffs, dunes, and wetlands to aid planning and habitat preservation.