Hematology and Urinalysis Rotation Practice Exam Flashcards

Flashcards covering a wide range of Hematology and Urinalysis clinical practice exam questions including coagulation, cell morphology, laboratory calculations, and urine sediment analysis.

When collecting blood from an infant via heel stick, what is the maximum permissible length of the lancet?

$$2.0\,mm$$

What is the recommended angle for holding the spreader slide when making a wedge-type blood smear?

$25$ to $40$ degrees

Which clotting factor is excluded from the intrinsic clotting mechanism?

Factor VII

What is the preferred anticoagulant for most coagulation procedures?

Sodium citrate

In Quality Control (Q.C.) data, how is a 'trend' defined?

A progressive change that moves in one direction for at least six consecutive days.

Which clotting factor is depressed by the administration of Coumadin?

Factor X

Given a Hematocrit (Hct) of $42\%$, a Hemoglobin (Hgb) of $14.5\,g/dL$, and an RBC count of $4.33 \times 10^{6}/\mu L$, what is the calculated MCV?

$$97.0\,fL$$

Which cell measures approximately $24\,\mu m$, possesses peripheral basophilia, conforms to the contour of surrounding RBCs, and may contain small vacuoles?

Reactive lymphocyte

What does the term 'shift-to-the-left' signify in a laboratory report?

An increase in bands and juvenile forms of neutrophils.

What is the preferred site for a bone marrow aspiration procedure?

Iliac crest

Which agonist is used in a platelet aggregation test to diagnose Von Willebrand’s disease?

Ristocetin

What are the two dyes utilized in the Sternheimer-Malbin (SM) stain for urine sediment?

Safranin O and crystal violet

Which coagulation test is affected if a patient is on daily aspirin therapy?

Prolonged bleeding time

In factor XIII deficiency, what are the typical results for bleeding time, PT, and aPTT?

The bleeding time, PT, and aPTT are all normal.

Which test is best for monitoring heparin therapy?

aPTT

What conditions favor the formation of casts in urine?

Reduced urine flow, glomerular leakage, and increased protein concentration (High pH does NOT favor formation).

What is the likely identity of yellowish, whetstone, or rhomboid crystals observed in acid urine?

Uric acid

Where is a Cabot ring inclusion found?

In the erythrocyte

What finding in a microscopic examination of urine is most likely to indicate pyelonephritis?

Clumps of WBCs

What substance causes the 'pink brick dust' appearance of amorphous urates in urine?

Uroerythrin

Which spinal fluid test is most useful for assessing the health of the blood-brain barrier?

Protein

A peripheral blood smear showing oval macrocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, and hypersegmented neutrophils is diagnostic of which disorder?

Megaloblastic anemia

Which coagulation factor is missing from aged normal serum?

Factors V and VIII

What is the standard ratio of blood volume to anticoagulant in a light blue stoppered tube?

$$9:1$$

In which leukocyte is the Pelger-Huet anomaly found?

Neutrophil

What does the Bohr effect state regarding hemoglobin’s oxygen affinity?

Hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen is decreased by increasing $H^{+}$ ions.

What is the medical term for accumulated fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Ascites

How many days does it typically take for a neutrophil to develop from a CFU-GM cell into a mature cell released in the peripheral blood?

Twelve

What is the likely cause of a very high urine specific gravity of $1.047$?

Radiographic dye in the urine

Which chemical indicator is used in a reagent test strip pad for ketones?

Nitroprusside

What is the characteristic property of Bence-Jones protein in urine?

It consists of light chain globulins that dissolve at $100^{\circ}C$.

Which protein helps form the cytoskeleton of the erythrocyte membrane?

Spectrin

Which enzyme is found in immature lymphocytes and used to diagnose certain leukemia disorders?

Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT)

Which Vitamin K antagonist medication causes Factor VII to drop to hemorrhagic levels more quickly than others?

Coumadin (or general vitamin K antagonists)