SNC 1W1 Exam Review Guide

Compound

Substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded.

Mixture

Combination of two or more substances without chemical bonding.

Molecule

Smallest unit of a chemical compound, consisting of atoms.

Diatomic Molecule

Molecule composed of two identical atoms.

Pure Substance

Material with a uniform and definite composition.

Element

Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Family

Column in the Periodic Table with similar chemical properties.

Period

Row in the Periodic Table indicating energy levels.

Metal

Element that is typically shiny and conductive.

Metalloid

Element with properties of both metals and non-metals.

Non-Metal

Element that is generally dull and poor conductor.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixture with visibly different substances or phases.

Homogeneous Mixture

Mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Standard Atomic Notation

Notation representing an element's atomic number and mass.

Ionic Bond

Chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons.

Covalent Bond

Chemical bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

Molecular Formula

Notation indicating the number and type of atoms in a molecule.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that determine how a substance reacts chemically.

Physical Properties

Characteristics observed without changing the substance's composition.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Stable Octet

Condition where an atom has eight electrons in its outer shell.

Conductor

Material that allows the flow of electric current.

Insulator

Material that resists the flow of electric current.

Ohm's Law

Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: V=IR.

Current

Flow of electric charge in a circuit.

Voltage

Potential difference that drives current in a circuit.

Resistance

Opposition to the flow of electric current.

Efficiency

Ratio of useful output to total input energy.

Series Circuit

Circuit where components are connected end-to-end.

Parallel Circuit

Circuit where components are connected across common points.

Astronomical Unit (AU)

Average distance from Earth to the Sun, about 93 million miles.

Nebula

Cloud of gas and dust in space, often a star-forming region.

Meteor

Small body of matter from space that enters Earth's atmosphere.

Comet

Celestial body made of ice and dust, often with a tail.

Meteorite

Fragment of a meteor that survives passage through the atmosphere.

Rotation

Spinning of a celestial body on its axis.

Revolution

Movement of one celestial body around another.

Biodiversity

Variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Invasive Species

Non-native species that disrupt local ecosystems.

Bioamplification

Increase in concentration of substances in organisms up the food chain.

Bioaccumulation

Accumulation of substances in an organism over time.

Carbon Cycle

Process of carbon exchange among the biosphere, atmosphere, oceans.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Cellular Respiration

Process of converting glucose into energy in cells.

Limiting Factors

Environmental conditions that restrict population growth.

Carrying Capacity

Maximum population size that an environment can sustain.

Predator-Prey Relationship

Interaction where one organism hunts another for food.

Symbiotic Relationships

Interactions between different species living together.

Runoff

Water flow that occurs when excess water moves across land.

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System for chemical safety.

HHPS

Household Hazardous Products Symbols for consumer safety.

Lab Safety Rules

Guidelines to ensure safety in laboratory environments.

Lab Equipment

Tools used for scientific experiments and measurements.