International Organisations

Growth in value of global trade since 1960

125 times

Regional trade agreements 1990–2016

27 to 423

Acceleration in global economic growth

3.1% to 3.8%

HDI increase 1980–2000

22%

WTO founded

1995, 164 members

Trade flows as % of GWP since WTO inception

12% to 30%

Trade Facilitation Agreement

2014

Average tariffs

10.1% to 8.9% 2006–2021

Brazil v US cotton subsidies case

Lodged 2000; US paid $300 million compensation and reformed Farm Bill

Vietnam's export growth since 1995

$5 billion to $350 billion USD

OECD farm support

$842 billion 2022–24

WTO dispute litigation

15–20 months, up to $1 million USD

WTO Appellate Body non-functional since

2019 (US vetoes), 60 appeals unresolved

IMF founded

1944, 190 members

IMF GFC injection

$250 billion (Iceland, Hungary)

PRGT low-income countries accessing resources

43

Ghana budget deficit reduction under IMF

To 5% in 2018

Pakistan IMF programs entered

34

IMF voting power

US 16.5% vs Sub-Saharan Africa 4.5%

IMF lending program success rate

Three-quarters

Ethiopia Social Safety Nets Project

Reduced food insecurity by 40%

World Bank covid response

$157 billion to over 100 LICs (70% of world's population) in covid

World Bank projects since founding (1944)

12,000

World Bank debt criticism examples

Zambia and Sri Lanka above 100% debt-to-GDP

UN membership

193 members

UN sanctions example

Russia, 2022

World Food Programme target for 2026

110 million people

SDGs

17 goals, target 2030

Global poverty reduction since 1990 (Millennium Goals)

Reduced to 8.4%

SDG progress setback

30% had no improvement since 2015

UN Security Council veto powers

5 nations

G7 members

US, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, Japan

G7 price cap on Russian oil

2022

G7 share of global GDP

69% in 1992 to 43% in 2023

G20 composition

19 largest economies plus the EU (80% of GWP)

G20 GFC fiscal stimulus

$5 trillion

G20/OECD global minimum corporate tax (2021)

15%

CERTA signed

1983

CERTA average annual trade increase

7%; all tariffs eliminated 1990 (5 years ahead of schedule)

NZ rank as Australian trading partner

7th

NZ brain drain to Australia pre-pandemic

Net 30,000–40,000 per year

ChAFTA signed

2015

ChAFTA tariff-free entry

85% of Australian exports in 2015, 98% when fully implemented

China's average tariff

7.5%

ChAFTA migrant worker threshold

Investment projects over $150 million

Chinese tariffs on Australian goods (2020)

Barley 80.5%, wine 116–214%

Tariffs not removed under ChAFTA

Sugar, rice, wool

RCEP signed

2012, 15 Indo-Pacific economies

RCEP tariff removal target

91% of tariffs over 20 years

RCEP trade effects (UNCTAD)

2% boost intraregional trade; $25 billion diversion, $17 billion creation

RCEP significance for Australia

10 of 15 top trading partners; 59% of two-way trade; quarter of global trade

AANZFTA signed

2010

AANZFTA tariff elimination

96% of Australian exports (up from 67%)

ASEAN share of Australia's two-way trade

16%

Australia/NZ technical assistance to ASEAN

$30 million

EU founded

1999, 27 members

EU Common Agricultural Policy

Meat quota of 7,150 pounds; 40% of annual budget on European farmers