FNRS 100 Exam 3

a military quartermaster is

a supply officer

A temporary bridge used by the military that is constructed by nailing stringers and planks on flat-bottomed boats is called a

pontoon bridge 

Abraham Lincoln believed that if he lost the presidential election of 1864, his opponent would

seek peace that would grant the Confederacy its independence

An estimated two-thirds of the 620,000 deaths that occurred in Civil War armies were caused by

disease 

City Point, Virginia was the site of

a massive Union supply depot during Grant's Petersburg Campaign

Efforts to preserve the Civil War battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania began with purchase of land adjacent to the town's Evergreen Cemetery

july 1863

Gettysburg attorneys David Wills and David McConaughy

led efforts to preserve portions of the battlefield and establish a cemetery for the Union dead

In 1864, U.S. Grant was promoted to command

all union armies

In 1915, the Gettysburg battlefield became one of the nation's first

national military parks

In June of 1864, U.S. Grant was able to get the Army of the Potomac into the rear of Lee's army at Petersburg by crossing the James River

by crossing

Little Round at Gettysburg 

all of the above

Movement of men and supplies behind the Union lines during the Siege of Petersburg was made faster and more efficient by

us military railroad 

robert e lee

commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia from 1862 to 1865

Robert E. Lee's objective for Pickett's Charge on the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg was

Ziegler's Grove, a stand of trees on Cemetery Hill according to reports written after the battle by Lee and his officers

Supplies for U.S. Grant's armies during the siege of Petersburg were

were prefabricated in northern mills and shipped to City Point via the Chesapeake Bay

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in

PA

The Civil War battle that took place in the spot indicated on the map below was

petersburg (VA)

The Civil War battle that took place in the spot indicated on the map below was

gettysburg PA

he Civil War commander who won victories at Shiloh, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and Appomattox Courthouse was

grant 

The Civil War commander who won victories at Second Manassas, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Cold Harbor was

robert e lee

The U.S. Sanitary Commission and the Christian Commission at Petersburg

all of the above

The commander of the Confederate army that fought at Gettysburg was

robert e lee

The crisis that faced the Confederacy in the early summer of 1863 that led Robert E. Lee to seek a decisive victory on Northern soil was

U.S. Grant's campaign to capture of the strong point of Vicksburg, Mississippi

The first efforts to preserve portions of the Gettysburg battlefield were made by

private citizens

The first officer in the U.S. Army to be promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General since George Washington was

ulyssess s grant 

The site on the Gettysburg battlefield where the 154 th New York Infantry Regiment made a stand behind a rail fence against attacking Confederates is now largely obscured by

residential neighborhood 

When William Tecumseh Sherman's army captured the city of Atlanta on September 2, 1864, the victory was the key to

lincolns reelection

Approximately 90 percent of the hardwood timber growing in the United States is located in

eastern states 

Approximately two thirds of the softwood timber growing in the eastern United States is located in

south 

Approximately two thirds of the softwood timber growing in the United States is located in

western states

Development of America's national parks circa 1900 was aided by partnerships between the Federal government and

railroads such as the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe

During the early nineteenth century, most Americans thought the forest was

inexhaustible

Land Acts passed by Congress in 1800 and 1820

set terms and prices

Prior to the Civil War, the prevailing attitude among Americans was that the highest and best use of the land was for

agriculture

Prior to the late 1800s, the general policy of the federal government for public lands was to

sell them or grant them 

Public ownership means that the owner is

state local or fed gov

The Act of Congress that led to establishment of West Virginia University and the other land-grant colleges of the U.S. was the

morril act

The General Land Office was established in 1812

all of the above

the Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of government-owned land to

farmers who built 12×14

The Land Ordnance of 1785

established a legal mechanism for selling land

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 occurred during the presidency of

Thomas Jefferson

The Morrill Act of 1862 granted land to the states to establish

colleges dedicated to teaching ag

The Preemption Act of 1841

allowed squatters on public land to purchase a section of land at a very low price

The area of land acquired by the United States through purchase, treaty, or conquest during the 20th century was

none

The nineteenth century policy of "manifest destiny" that envisioned the United States extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific was

all of the above

The territory indicated in the map below was acquired by the United States in the (east)

treaty of paris

The territory indicated in the map below was acquired by the United States in the (TX)

annexation of texas

The territory indicated in the map below was acquired by the United States in the (CA)

mexican cession

The territory indicated in the map below was acquired by the United States as the (PNW)

oregon territory 

The territory indicated in the map below was acquired by the United States as the (midwest)

LA Purchase

A large number of the work crews of the California-based Central Pacific Railroad were

chinese

A large number of the work crews of the Union Pacific Railroad were

civil war vets

Approximately 129 million acres (7 percent of the land area of the continental United States) was

granted by the government to the railroads to finance construction

By 1900, railroads consumed this approximate percentage of all timber harvested in the United States

20 to 25 percent

Charles Crocker, Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and Leland Stanford were

the big four 

Grenville Dodge was 

all of the above 

“Hell on Wheels” was

nickname for temporary shanty towns

Prior to completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad in 1869, the journey from New York to San Francisco may have required

all of the above

Railroad land grants were established by Congress to

subsidize construction costs of railroads

Shay, Heisler, and Climax were

powerful steam locomotives

The Burnett and Bethel processes were

pressure treating method

The blue line on the map below shows the original route of the

union pacific railroad (midwest)

The checkerboard pattern depicted in the map of Franklin County, Arkansas was typical of

railroad land grants 

The company that built the western section of the first transcontinental railroad was

central pacific

The company that built the eastern section of the first transcontinental railroad was the

union pacific 

The cottonwood used for railroad ties for the Union Pacific as they built the tracks across the Great Plains was

soft weak not durable

The map below illustrates

railroad land grants

The map below shows the circa 1920 routes of the

great northern railway

The map below shows the 1918 routes of the

southern pacific railroad

The only U.S. transcontinental railroad constructed before 1900 without the assistance of federal land grants or other subsidies was

james j hills

The railroad engineer who shared his views with Abraham Lincoln on potential routes for a transcontinental railroad and later became chief engineer for the Union Pacific was

grenville dodge 

The red line on the map below shows the original route of the

central pacific (west coast)

Approximately 90 percent of the hardwood timber growing in the United States is located

east of the great plains 

At the end of the era of heavy cutting (1929), the deer herd in the states of West Virginia and Pennsylvania was

very small in comparison to today

Between the Civil War and the Great Depression, the lumber industry in the United States

evolved into distinct hardwood and softwood industries

From the late eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century, the lumber industry

shifted from Maine to New York to Pennsylvania, to the Lake States as supplies in each region dwindled

In 1869, the greatest volume of lumber produced in the United States was

white pine

In 1899, two of the highest priced wood species in the United States were ash and hickory, which were used for

spokes and wheels for wagons

In 1919, the highest priced lumber in the United States was dogwood, which was used for

shuttle in the textile industry 

In the 1930 film, "From Stump to Ship," logs were transported from the woods to the sawmill by

river drive

In the 1930 film, "From Stump to Ship," logs were skidded from the woods to the landing by

sled pulled by a team of horses 

in the last half of the nineteenth century, Grand Rapids, Michigan emerged as the center of the

the American furniture industry 

The 1930 film, "From Stump to Ship," was filmed in

maine

The 1930 film, "From Stump to Ship"

filmed in black and white

The American paper industry of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries tended to concentrate in regions

that had previously been cut over and young timber too small for sawmills was readily available at a low cost

The Cass Scenic Railroad in Pocahontas County, West Virginia was once a

logging railroad

The area in green on the map below denotes the range of this historically important timber species

douglas fir northern pacific coast 

The area in green on the map below denotes the range of this historically important timber species (eastern)

white oak

The area in green on the map below denotes the range of this historically important timber species (south)

southern pine

The area in green on the map below denotes the range of this historically important timber species (east)

eastern white pine

The greatest volume of timber harvested in the western United States from the mid-19 th

douglas fir

The greatest volume of timber harvested in the South from the mid-19 th century to the present is

southern pine

The primary market for the softwood lumber industry of the United States beginning in the era of heavy cutting or before and continuing to the present day is

residential construction 

The reason why big trees were the preferred raw material for the lumber industry of the late 19 thand early 20 th centuries was

contain higher wood quality

"European-style" forestry referred to the practice of

conserving forests through science-based management that included replanting after harvest

Frederick Law Olmstead

all of the above

From 1896 to 1916, Yellowstone, the first national park, was managed by the

us army

George Perkins Marsh wrote the book

man and nature

George Perkins Marsh, author of "Man and Nature," is thought of as the father of

american conservation movement 

Henry Hardtner, owner of the Urania Lumber Company in Louisiana

was one of the first lumbermen to experiment with replanting cutover southern pine forests on company lands