Geo Exam 2

Refers to a powder composed of limestone, quartz and magnesium shale

cement

Refers to the way a mineral surface scatters light

luster

characteristic of minerals to break in a particular way, but not along flat planes

fracture

in these mineral deposits, ground water leaches elements from a rock, but it is the material left behind that is of importance

residual

earth would be a cold solid mass if not for the heat continualy generated by

radioactive decay

refers to cuntry rocks that do not melt completely during magma assimilation

zerolilths

the columbia river basalts are an example of this type of geologic area

large igneous province

devils tower national moument is an example of this volcanic feature

igneous intrusion//strato volcano

crater lake or, formed in a ___ following the eruption or collapse of a volcano

caldera

the biggest concern about an eruption of Mt. Raine is its glaciers will produce a ____

lahar

Yellowstone natonal park volcanism is the result of this igneous phenomenon

hotspot

the large rounded rocks of the GA piedmont are examples of ___ weathering

spherical

the transformation of loose sediment into solid rock is called ___

lithification

this element is the most abundent element in earth as a whole

iron

refers to a mineral with special value because it is rare and people consider it beautiful

gem

Organic rich soils are generally ____ while iron rich soils are generally____

black, red

a vertical sequence of sandstone, covered by shale, covered by limestone indicates an

ocean transgression

glass is not a mineral because glass does not exhibit which of the mineral characteristics?

crystalline structire

ferromagnesian silicate minerals differ from nonferromagnesian minerals by having a greater abundance of ____ and ___

Iron and magnesium

diamond and graphite are both polymorphs composed of ____

carbon

all magmas start as mafic and may chance in composition by the settling out of early-formed crystals, a process known as____

fractional crystalization

the rate at which intrusive magma cools depends on ___

depth of intrustion, size and shape of intrusion, and circulationg ground water

a granite would form under conditions that included___

a felsic magma cooling in the subsurface

if a body of magma is subjected to fractional crystallization, the first rock that is expected to crystalize from the magma will be ___

more mafic than the magma

A’a and Pahoehoe are two descriptions of solidified ____ lava flows

basaltic

refers to a mixture of scalding air, hot ash and pumice lapilli that rushes down volcanoes in avalanche-like clouds

pyroclastic flows

the large volcanoes of the South American Andes such as Quilindana, Cotopaxi, and Pinchincha, are examples of

large strato volcanoes

In the figure provided below, what type of igneous intrusion is the vertical rock unit shown by letter A

Dike

the figure below shows mafic magma as it meets the seafloor, which cools to form an igneous rock called

pillow bassalt

Phreatomagmatic eruptions, such as Krakatau, occur when ______ blows the volcano apart

steam pressure

the primary factor effecting the depth of the subsurface weather front is________

precipitation

it should be no sprise to you to hear that soils developed on basalt are richer in ____ than soils developed on granite

iron

this sediment size experiences the greatest degree of compaction when subjected to the load of overburden

mud

since the Bahamans are an example of a carbonate platform, the islands are characterized by the presence of _____

Limestone

____ reflects the progressive decrease in energy as floodwaters flow to a stop on a floodplain

Graded bedding

List five easily observable characteristics of a mineral that you might use to help identify it

Streak, hardness, color, acidity, fracture