quick fire anatomy exam

embolism

clot travels and lodges in artery

thrombosis

plaque narrows artery

haemorrhage

blood vessel bursts

TACI

total anterior circulation infarct

PACI

partial anterior circulation infarct

POCI

posterior circulation infarct

LACI

lacunar infarct

epidural haemorrhage

between skull and dura mater

subdural haemorrhage

between dura mater and arachnoid membrane

subarachnoid haemorrhage

between arachnoid membrane and Pia mater

Broca’s aphasia

non fluent, missing grammar, effortful

transcortical motor aphasia

broca’s area isolated, can’t initiate

global aphasia

perisylvian language zone, limited output

wernicke’s aphasia

posterior superior temporal gyrus, word substitutions

transcortical sensory aphasia

Wernicke’s area isolated, posterior temporal occipital lobes, no meaning

connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s

arcuate fasciculus

conduction aphasia

damage to arcuate fasciculus, sound word substitutions

anomic aphasia

smaller affected areas, tip of the tongue

neck cervical numbers

C1-C7

thoracic vertebrae numbers

T1-T12

pairs of ribs numbers

R1-R12

where is the trachea from

C6-T5

what is the pleura

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

when does surfactant develop

24-36 weeks

nerves involved in breathing

vagus nerve and phrenic nerve

tidal volume

normal air exchanged

expiratory reserve volume

air exhaled beyond tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

air inhaled beyond tidal volume

lung volume

potential volume of lungs

vital capacity

air breathed out

breaths per minute

12-18

air exchanged equation

air exchanged = tidal volume x breaths per minute

COPD

overproduction of mucus

pneumonia

infection of lungs

aspiration pneumonia

foreign object causes infection of lungs

laryngomalacia

floppy airway

laryngeal cartilage/ prominence

Adam’s apple

cricoid cartilage

back of larynx, complete cartilage ring

thyroid cartilage

back and side walls of larynx

epiglottic cartilage

protects airway

fake vocal folds

ventricular folds

laryngeal carcinoma

white plaques on folds, cancer

vocal fold nodules

lesions on vocal folds

number of bones in the skull

28

TMJ

temporal mandible joint (mandible joins skull)

layers of tissue in lips

cutaneous, muscle, glandular, mucous

velopharyngeal incompetence

soft palate doesn’t make contact with pharyngeal wall

ataxic dysarthria

slurred speech, little co-ordination

flaccid dysarthria

weakness of muscles, breathy

hypokinetic dysarthria

reduced movement, Parkinsons

hyperkinetic dysarthria

involuntary movements

mixed dysarthria

2x other types

tympanic membrane

ear drum, shiny

bones of oscillation

malleus, incus, stapes

Eustachian tube

middle ear cavity to nasopharynx

semicircular canals

inner ear, detect rotational movements

otolith organs

inner ear, linear movements, gravity

scala vestibuli

runs up to apex

scala tympani

runs down from apex

scala media

middle channel

otitis media

inflammation of middle ear lining

grommets

pressure equaliser tube

presbycusis

ageing hearing loss

nerves in oral preparatory phase

facial, glossopharyngeal

most mature structure at birth

brainstem

least mature structure at birth

cerebral cortex

parts of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

cephalic phase

preparation for food

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

chronic reflux

reflux

acid leaks up into stomach

fundoplication

treats GORD

pyloric stenosis

narrowing of duodenum

oesophageal stricture

narrowing of oesophagus

enteral feeding

food to stomach or intestine

intravenous feeding

IV feeding

two layers that cover heart

serous and fibrous pericardium

what are the heart walls

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

right atrium

receives deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary trunk

left ventricle

sends oxygenated blood through aortic valve

internal carotid arteries

supply brain, eyes, nose and forehead

external carotid arteries

supplies face and scalp

vertebral arteries

supply back of brain, form basilar artery