Key terms- Attachment

Interactional synchrony

Mother and infant reflect each other's actions and emotions to respond in a coordinated way.

Reciprocity

Mother and infant both react and respond to cues from each other.

Stages of attachment

Theory explaining how an infant's attachment changes as they grow.

Asocial stage

Infants' behavior towards humans and non-humans is similar.

Indiscriminate

Infants prefer humans over objects but not specific individuals.

Specific stage

Babies show stranger anxiety and prefer the primary attachment figure.

Multiple attachments

Babies form attachments with primary and secondary caregivers.

Animal studies

Research using animals for ethical and practical reasons.

Learning theory

Role of learning in behavior acquisition, including classical and operant conditioning.

Attachment as a secondary drive

Attachment learned through association with caregiver and satisfaction of primary drive.

Monotropic

Primary attachment relationship is more important than others.

Social releasers

Innate behaviors of infants to elicit caregiving.

Critical period

Time crucial for forming attachment, now termed sensitive period.

Internal working model

Mental representation of future relationships based on primary attachment.

Strange situation

Observation assessing infant attachment through various scenarios.

Secure attachment

Healthiest attachment type related to authoritative parenting.

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Low anxiety, weak attachment related to authoritarian parenting.

Insecure-resistant attachment

Strong attachment, high anxiety related to permissive parenting.

Disorganized attachment

Lack of consistent social behavior patterns related to uninvolved parenting.

Cultural variation

Differences in norms and values among different groups.

Maternal deprivation

Effects of significant separation between child and mother.

Separation

Child not in the presence of primary attachment figure.

Deprivation

Child lacks care from primary attachment figure.

Affectionless psychopaths

Lack of remorse due to inability to appreciate feelings.

Institutionalization

Behavioral patterns of children raised in institutions without one-to-one attachments.

Disinhibited attachments

Equally affectionate behavior towards known and unknown individuals.

Cognitive impairment

Delayed intellectual development.

Childhood relationships

Relationships in childhood.

Adult relationships

Relationships in later life and adulthood.